Chapter 12- Developmental Psychology

Question 0

Cross-sectional design

Answer 0

Do not interfere when recording data. Observational. Test different age groups in same year and compare.

Question 1

Teratogens

Answer 1

External agents or substances that cause abnormal prenatal development

Question 2

Rooting reflex

Answer 2

Breast feeding cheek reflex. Turn head in direction of stroking

Question 3

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 3

Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational.

Question 4

Personal fable

Answer 4

Teen belief that they are highly special and unlike anyone else. Believe that nobody can understand them.

Question 5

Developmental change

Answer 5

Stability vs. change

Continuity vs. discontinuity

Question 6

Factors that drive developmental change

Answer 6

Nature and nurture

Critical and sensitive periods

Question 7

Longitudinal design

Answer 7

Test individuals of one age group and then retest them every 10 years

Question 8

Sequential design

Answer 8

Test 10-60yr olds I’m same year and retest till 10 year olds are 60year olds.

Question 9

Sucking reflex

Answer 9

Put something in a baby’s mouth and it will start sucking

Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

Process by which new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas

Question 11

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 11

Birth-2yrs
Out of sight- infants do not understand their continued existence (3months)
Object permanence at 8 months

Question 12

Preoperational stage

Answer 12

Stage in which children represent the world symbolically through words and mental images but do not understand basic mental rules.
Helps in means believe play.
Egocentrism
Conservation

Question 13

Formal operational stage

Answer 13

11-12 years
Think logically and systematically about concrete and abstract problems
Think more flexibly and solve hypothetical problems
Creative answers

Question 14

Concrete operational

Answer 14

7-12years
Perform basic mental operations concerning problems that involve tangible objects/situations. Show difficulty displaying rigid types of thinking

Question 15

Fluid intelligence

Answer 15

The ability to perform mental operations. Declines in early adulthood

Question 16

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 16

Reflects the accumulation of verbal skills and factual knowledge. Peaks I. Idle adulthood, declines in late.

Question 17

lack of bowel control in children

Answer 17

encopresis

Question 18

According to Erikson, failure to resolve the tasks of middle adulthood leads to a sense of __________ involving a concern for one’s own needs and comforts only

Answer 18

stagnation

Question 19

drivers license or wedding ring are what Elkind calls

Answer 19

social markers

Question 20

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his research in the area of __________ development.

Answer 20

moral

Question 21

Generativity refers to

Answer 21

concern for welfare of others and society as a whole.

Question 22

vocab and stored knowledge are examples of

Answer 22

crystallized intelligence

Question 23

Conforming to the expectations of others or to socially accepted rules and values describes a person at the __________ level of morality.

Answer 23

conventional

Question 24

lack of bladder control is called

Answer 24

enuresis

Question 25

In the __________ level of moral development, moral choices are determined by the direct consequences of actions.

Answer 25

preconventional

Question 26

With aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________ intelligence

Answer 26

fluid, crystallized

Question 27

A child who is just starting school, trying to learn good habits and to do well, is in Erikson’s stage of development called

Answer 27

industry vs. inferiority

Question 28

As children begin their elementary school years, they enter Erikson’s stage of

Answer 28

industry vs inferiority

Question 29

Behaviour directed by self-accepted moral principles represents the __________ level of moral development.

Answer 29

postconventional

Question 30

correct order of Piaget’s stages of development

Answer 30

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 31

3 emotions emotions which are unlearned

Answer 31

anger, fear, joy

Question 32

graspiing, rooting and sucking reflexes are

Answer 32

adaptive reflexes

Question 33

during formal operational stage, children begin to…

Answer 33

think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities.

Question 34

Object permanence is to sensorimotor stage as conservation and reversibility are to

Answer 34

concrete operational stage

Question 35

Substances capable of causing birth defects are known as

Answer 35

teratogens

Question 36

Cephalocaudal

Answer 36

from the head to toes

Question 37

If an infant is startled by a loud sound, it makes movements similar to an embrace. This is called a __________ reflex

Answer 37

Moro

Question 38

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory suggests that a child’s most important discoveries are guided by

Answer 38

adults acting as tutors

Question 39

Proximodistal means

Answer 39

from the centre of the body to the extremities