Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gross Anatomy > brain and cranial fossa > Flashcards

brain and cranial fossa Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

lobes of the brain

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sulci and fissures of the brain and what they contain

A

central sulcus
lateral fissure - middel cerebral artery
longitudinal fissure - anterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cerebral hemispheres the brain (6)

A

primary motor cortex - located on pre-central gyrus
somatosensory cortex - located on post-central gyrus
auditory cortex - temporal side of lateral fissure
broca’s speech area (motor) - frontal side of lateral fissure
werneke’s speech area (recognition) - end of lateral fissure
visual cortex - inferior occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

medial sagittal features of brain

A

cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
thalamus
hypothalamus

midbrain
cerebellum

pons
medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

white matter tract connecting cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 different fibres/tracts in the corpus callosum

A

association tracts - between gyri of same hemisphere
commissural tracts/fibres - from one hemisphere to the next
projection fibres - from cerebrum to thalamus, brainstem etc

fibres cross midline to reach counterpart hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

basal ganglia of the brain

A

choroid plexus
caudate nucleus
internal capsule
globus pallidus + putamen = lentiform nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

role of basal ganglia

A

regulate initiation and termination of body movements (also memory, planning and emotional response via limbic system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does the midbrain communicate with the basal ganglia

A

substantia nigra communicates with caudate nucleus and putamen
sub-thalamic nuclei communicates with globes palladus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the diencephalon consist of

A

thalamus
pineal gland
hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

role of the pineal gland of the diencephalon

A

(epithalamus) - produces melatonin to regulate body clock

habenular nucleus - olfaction and emotional response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

role of the thalamus of the diencephalon

A

major sensory relay station
spinal cord, brain stem, midbrain -> thalamus -> cerebral hemispheres
also involved in motor pathways

connections to hypothalamus and limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

role of the hypothalamus of the diencephalon

A

regulates autonomic nervous system and homeostasis
produces hormones

connections to pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

midbrain is the origin of which cranial nerves

A

CN III and CN IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what to parts of the brain does the midbrain connect

A

pons and medulla with the diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

role of the colliculi of the midbrain

A

superior colliculi - visual tracking and scanning

inferior colliculi - auditory startle reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

role of substantia nigra and red nuclei

A

substantia nigra - control subconscious muscle action (grey)

red nuclei - co-ordinate muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which cranial nerves originate in the pons

A

CN V, VI, VII and vestibular part of VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

role of the pons

A

pontine nuclei - co-ordination and maximising voluntary motor output
pneumotoxic tracts help to control bretahing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which cranial nerves originate in the medulla

A

CN IX, X, XI, XII and cochlear part of VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

role of the medulla

A

pyramids - motor tracts
cardiovascular centres - rate/ force heart beat and diameters of vessels
breathing centres - nuclei concerned with touch, pressure and vibration
the olives - pro reception (joint and muscle position)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the cerbellum

A

vermis between lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

role of the cerebellum

A

sub-concoius control of skeletal muscle movements and co-ordinates complex sequences
regulate posture and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sections of the cerebellum

A

superior cerebellar peduncle - midbrain to cerebellum
middle cerebellar peduncle - pons to cerebellum
inferior cerebellar peduncle - medulla to cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the folds in the cerebellum called
folia
26
what does the pituitary gland form
growth hormones: follicle stimulating lutenising hormone - reproductive cycle
27
layers of the meninges
pia mater - innermost layer stuck to surface of neural tissue sub-arachnoid space - contains cerebrospinal fluid arachnoid mater - middle layer fine connective tissue dura mater - outermost layer of tough connective tissue sheath
28
layers covering the brain
pia mater - adheres to surface of brain arachnoid mater - surface of brain carrying blood and cerebral vessels dura mater - lines skull and forms dural venous sinuses
29
blood supply to meninges
anterior meningeal artery - dura of anterior fossa middle meningeal artery - major vessels if dan=maged can cause extra-dural hematoma (compresses brain) posterior meningeal artery - dura of posterior fossa
30
origin of the meningeal arteries and their passage
anterior meningeal artery - ethmoid branches of internal carotid middle meningeal artery - maxillary artery through foramen spinosum posterior meningeal artery - occipital artery
31
ventricles of the brain
lateral ventricle 3rd ventricle cerebral aqueduct 4th ventricle
32
location of the ventricles of the brain and what they connect
lateral ventricle - one in each hemisphere 3rd ventricle - in thalamus, connected to lateral ventricle by inter-ventricular foramina of Monro cerebral aqueduct - through the midbrain to connect 3rd and 4th ventricles 4th ventricle - connects sub-arachnoid space via lateral (x2) and medial apertures and connected to central canal of spinal cord
33
role of cerebral spinal fluid
provides mechanical and physical protection to brain and spinal cord
34
circulation of cerebral spinal fluid
ventricles and subarachnoid space and recycled through arachnoid villi into dural venous sinus
35
where is cerebral spinal fluid produced
``` choroid plexus (hanging down form roof of lateral ventricle) ependymal cells from this area filter blood plasma to make CSF ```
36
blood supply to the brain
circle of willis
37
vessels that join the circle of willis
internal carotid | basilar
38
branches of the circle of willis and what they supply
posterior cerebral - occipital lobe and base of brain middle cerebral - temporal lobes anterior cerebral - frontal and parietal lobes joined by posterior and anterior communicating branches
39
what supplies the basilar artery
vertebral arteries from the subclavian
40
branches of the basilar artery
cerebellar pontine medullary
41
what are the cranial nerves in order
``` CN I - olfactory CN II - optic CN III - occulomotor CN IV - trochlear CN V - trigeminal CN VI - abducent CN VII - facial CN VIII - vestibulocochlear CN IX - glossopharyngeal CN X - vagus CN XI - accessory CN XII - hypoglossal ```
42
what does CN I pass through
telencephalon - olfactory mucosa - cribiform plate - olfactory bulb
43
what does CN II pass through
retina - optic foramen - optic tract - (90% - thalamus - visual cortex) (10% - medial root - unconscious regulation)
44
what does CN III pass through
midbrain - superior orbital fissure - orbit in lateral cavernous dural sinus - annular ring
45
what does CN IV pass through
midbrain - superior orbital fissure - orbit in lateral cavernous dural sinus - outside annular ring
46
what does CN V pass through
pons - ganglion - (1st division - superior orbital fissure - orbit in lateral cavernous dural sinus) (2nd division - foramen rotundum - pterygopalatine fossa) (3rd division - foramen ovale - inferior base of skull)
47
what does CN VI pass through
pons - superior orbital fissure - orbit into long extradural pathway in cavernous dural sinus - annular ring
48
what does CN VII pass through
pons - internal acoustic meatus - temporal bone - greater petrosal - stapedial - chorda tympani - stylomastoid foramen to muscles of facial expression
49
what does CN VIII pass through
vestibular apparatus + auditory apparatus - internal auditory meatus - pons
50
what does CN IX pass through
medulla oblongata - jugular foramen
51
what does CN X pass through
medulla oblongata - jugular foramen - cranial, cervical, thoracic and abdominal distribution
52
what does CN XI pass through
spinal cord - foramen magnum - cranial root - jugular foramen
53
what does CN XII pass through
medulla oblongata (anterior olive) - hypoglossal canal - root of tongue above hyoid bone
54
what does CN I innervate
sensory relay system (only one not through thalamus)
55
what does CN III innervate
motor - inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus (inferior division) superior rectus and levator palpabrae (superior division) parasympathetic - sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle
56
what does CN IV innervate
motor - superior oblique
57
what does CN V1 innervate
sensory - eye, lacrimal gland, eyebrow, forehead, nose
58
what does CN V2 innervate
sensory - cheek, lower lid, upper jaw, side nose, mucous mouth
59
what does CN V3 innervate
sensory - ear canal, parotid gland, lower jaw | motor - mastication, anterior digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, veli tensor palatini
60
what does CN VI innervate
motor - lateral rectus
61
what does CN VII innervate
motor - muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric taste - anterior 2/3 tongue parasympathetic - submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
62
what does CN VIII innervate
special somatic afferent vestibular - cerbellum, CN III, IV, VI and spinal tracts cochlear - inferior colliculi, medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus to auditory cortex (area 41 temporal)
63
what does CN IX innervate
parasympathetic - parotid, buccal, labial glands taste - posterior 1/3 tongue motor - pharyngeal plexus and stylopharyngeus sensory - soft palate, pharynx, tympanic cavity and membrane, pharyngotympanic tube, external ear and auditory canal
64
what does CN X innervate
motor - pharyngeal plexus, soft palate, larynx parasympathetic - thoracic and abdominal viscera sensory - dura (posterior cranial fossa), ear, external auditory canal, lower pharynx, laryngeal mucosa, thoracic and abdominal viscera pressure and chemoreceptors on aortic and para-aortic body
65
what does CN XI innervate
motor - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid | cranial rot - vagus nerve to soft palater
66
what does CN XII innervate
motor - intrinsic muscles of tongue and extrinsic (but palatoglossal)
67
foramen and canals in the cranial fossa (including any vessels that pass through) (13)
``` crista gali and cribiform plate - CN I optic foramen - CN II optic canal superior orbital fissure - CN III, IV, V1, VI foramen rotundum - CN V2 foramen ovale - CN V3 foramen spinosum - middle meningeal artery foramen lacerum - internal carotid artery carotid canal - internal carotid artery internal acoustic meatus - CN VII, VIII jugular foramen - CN IX, X, XI hypoglossal canal - CN XII foramen magnum - CN XI ```

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions