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pelvis Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

types and names of joints at pelvis

A

lumbosacral - 2o cartilaginous
sacroiliac joints - synovial (anterior) and fibrous (posterior)
pubic symphysis - 2o cartilaginous

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2
Q

ligament separating the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

sacrospinous

*sacrotuberous crosses both

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3
Q

borders of pelvic cavity

A

posterior - sacrum, coccygeus and piriformis
floor - pelvic diaphragm
anterior - pubic rami, pubic body and pubic symphysis

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4
Q

pubic symphysis: type of joint and composition

A

2o cartilaginous and fibrocartilage

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5
Q

ligament with attachments at ASIS -> pubic tubercle

A

inguinal ligament

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6
Q

muscles making up wall of pelvis

A 
iliacus
psoas
gluteal
obturator externus
obturator internus
piriformis
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7
Q

attachments for psoas

A

T12-L4 (superficial) and L1-L5 (deep) to join iliacus as iliopsoas and insert onto the lesser trochanter of the femur
*iliacus from the iliac fossa

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8
Q

muscles that cause hip flexion

A

psoas and iliacus

*psoas also bends trunk laterally and raises from supine position

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9
Q 
nerve supply for pelvic wall muscles:
psoas
iliacus
obturator internus
piriformis
A

nerve to psoas direct from lumbar plexus (L2-L4)
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
nerve to obturator internus direct from sacral plexus (L5-S1)
nerve to piriformis direct from sacral plexus (S1-S2)

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10
Q

obturator internus attachments

A

inner surface of obturator membrane to medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

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11
Q

muscles that cause lateral rotation of the hip

A

obturator internus and piriformis

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12
Q

attachments of piriformis

A

pelvic surface of sacrum to the greater trochanter of femur

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13
Q

what originates at the outer membrane of the obturator foramen and inserts on the trochanteric fossa of the femur

A

obturator externus

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14
Q

muscles making up the pelvic diaphragm

A

coccygeus and levator ani

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15
Q

coccygeus attachments

A

ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament -> inferior sacrum and coccyx

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16
Q

muscles making up levator ani

A

pubococcygeus (divided into puborectalis and levator prostate/pubovaginalis)
iliococcygeus

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17
Q

puboccocygeus (levator prostate/pubovaginalis) attachments

A

around prostate/vagina and insertion on perineal body

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18
Q

innervation of coccygeus and levator ani

A

coccygeus - sacral plexus (S4-S5)

levator ani - pudendal nerve (S2-S4) + levator ani direct from sacral plexus (S4)

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19
Q

composition of perineal body

A

fibrous connective tissue

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20
Q 
role of pelvic diaphragm:
coccygeus
levator ani
-pubococcygeus
 -puborectalis
A

general - muscular floor to stop prolapse
support and flex coccyx
contract (cough) relax (urination)
support vagina/prostate
mix with external anal sphincter - sling around rectum

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21
Q

what is the tendinous arch of the levator ani and what attaches here

A

thickened fascia of obturator internus membrane

iliococcygeus attaches here (as well as anococcygeal body)

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22
Q

covers internal wall of pelvis

A

parietal pelvic fascia

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23
Q

parietal pelvic fascia forms which ligament posteriorly in males/females

A

puboprostatic ligament/pubovesical ligament

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24
Q

covers the organs of the pelvis

A

visceral pelvic fascia

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25
name of lateral extension of visceral fascia from vagina to tendinous arch
paracolpium
26
what acts as a packing around pelvic organs
endopelvic fascia (loose - fills spaces; primary condensations e.g. sheaths)
27
cardinal ligament found
from ischial spine to superior bladder on both sides
28
ligaments in pelvic cavity (4)
tendinous arch of levator ani tendinous arch of pelvic fascia paracoplium cardinal (transverse cervical) ligament
29
peritoneum (pouches) in females then males
female - vesico-uterine pouch and recto-uterine pouch | male - vesico-rectal pouch
30
bladder lining
transitional epithelium and rugae
31
bladder positioning
partial covering of peritoneum stuck to pubic bones- when full rises into suprapubic region apex is posterior to pubic symphysis
32
what is the triangular area at the base of the bladder with an internal smooth mucous membrane and what is found here
trigone | ureters enter and urethra exits
33
features of bladder
smooth muscle - detrusor | neck - circular sphincter vesicae
34
what allows the neck of the bladder to be held in place
incomplete circular vesicae held in place by puboprostatic/pubovesical ligaments
35
artery, vein and nerve supply to the bladder
superior vesicle artery x2 inferior vesical artery x2 (females = vaginal artery) vescial venous plexus drains to internal iliac ANS inferior hypogastric plexus
36
lymphatic drainage (nodes) of ureter (in order of descent towards bladder)
lumbar common iliac external iliac internal iliac
37
``` lymphatic drainage (nodes) of urethra *sometimes differs in male and female ```
internal iliac spongy urethra - deep inguinal females - sacral
38
``` lymphatic drainage (nodes) of bladder *differs superiorly and at neck ```
internal iliac superior - external iliac neck - sacral
39
covering and attachment of rectum
upper 1/3 - visceral peritoneum middle 1/3 - peritoneum on anterior surface lower 1/3 - infraperitoneal attach: 3rd sacral vertebrae to tip of coccyx
40
transitions of rectum
sigmoid colon - 1st transverse fold - rectal ampulla - 2nd fold - 3rd fold - anorectal junction
41
arteries, veins and nerves of rectum
superior rectal artery (inferior mesenteric) middle rectal artery (internal iliac) inferior rectal artery (internal pudendal) superior rectal vein (portal) middle rectal vein (internal iliac) inferior rectal vein (internal pudendal) nerve = inferior hypogastric plexus
42
``` lymphatic drainage (nodes) of rectum: superior rectum inferior rectum above pectinate line below pectinate line ```
superior rectum - aortic nodes @L3 (inferior mesenteric) inferior rectum - internal iliac nodes above pectinate line - internal iliac below pectinate line - superficial inguinal nodes
43
mesentery of: ovaries uterus fallopian tubes
mesovarium mesometrium mesosalpinx
44
features of the uterus
``` fimbriae fallopian tubes fundus body cervix vagina ```
45
sections of the fallopian tube
intramural - isthmus - ampulla - infundibulum
46
ligaments of the uterus and their function
round ligament - potential lymph pathway | broad ligament - vessels nerves and lymphatics
47
what ligaments of the cervix support the uterus
sacrocervical (uterosacral), transverse cervical, pubocervical
48
name for when long axis of uterus is bent forward along the axis of the vagina (90o)
anteversion
49
name for when the uterus is bent forward at internal os with the long axis of the vagina (170o)
anteflexion
50
function of the ovaries
ova and hormone production
51
attachment of the ovaries
mesovarium by the broad ligament
52
artery, vein and nerve supply to the ovaries
``` ovarian artery (@L2) ovarian vein (IVC right, left renal) aortic plexus ```
53
ovarian ligaments
mesovarium ligament of ovary suspensory ligament of ovary
54
blood supply to the uterus and where this originates
uterine artery | a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac
55
``` lymphatic drainage of: fallopian tubes ovarian vessels body of uterus cervix vagina ```
aortic nodes @L2 superficial inguinal nodes external iliac nodes (via broad ligament) internal iliac nodes - some to sacral internal iliac nodes -> superficial inguinal
56
what is the vas deferens
muscular tube
57
where does the vas deferens pass
through the inguinal canal via spermatic cord join ampulla duct from seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct through the prostate to join urethra
58
what do the seminal vesicles secrete
liquid component of semen - fructose
59
blood supply of seminal vesicles
inferior vesicle artery
60
location of the prostate gland
inferior to bladder
61
production of the prostate gland
proteolytic enzymes and acid phosphatase
62
blood supply and drainage of the prostate gland
internal pudendal artery middle rectal artery inferior vesicle artery deep and dorsal veins of penis which drain to prostatic plexus and internal iliac
63
what structures support the prostate gland
puboprostatic ligament perineal body levator prostate
64
common malformation of prostate
prostatic enlargement - may be benign or malignant
65
``` lymphatic drainage of: vas deferens seminal vesicle prostate gland phallus head testis skin + wall of scrotum ```
``` external iliac nodes external and internal iliac nodes internal iliac nodes and some sacral internal iliac nodes deep inguinal and iliac nodes aortic nodes at root of testicular artery (@L2) superficial inguinal nodes ```
66
anal triangle: wall roof floor
ischial tuberosity, rectum, anal canal levator ani skin
67
contents of anal triangle (ischioanal fossa)
internal pudendal vessels (arteries, veins and nerves) adipose tissue inferior rectal vessels (arteries, veins and nerves)
68
anal canal transitions
``` rectum anal columns pectinate line anal canal anocutaneous line - transition to skin internal anal sphincter (covers canal) external anal sphincter (covers internal) ```
69
what vessels terminate at the anal columns
superior rectal vessels
70
features on internal anal sphincter
smooth muscle | involuntary
71
features of external anal sphincter
skeletal muscle voluntary has deep superficial and subcutaneous part
72
attachment of external anal sphincter
perineal body to anococcygeal ligament
73
function of external anal sphincter
closes anus aided by puborectalis
74
innervation of external anal sphincter
pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
75
venous drainage of anal canal: drains wall drains surrounding muscle run along either side of canal
superior rectal vein inferior rectal vein internal and external venous plexuses
76
what makes up the fascia of the urogenital triangle
membranous - scarpa's fascia transitions to colle's fascia which is attached to the posterior border fatty - camper's fascia transitions to ischiorectal fascia
77
What 3 layers make up the urogenital diaphragm and what inclose it
``` perineal membrane superficial perineal pouch superior layer deep perineal pouch inferior layer ``` anteriorly fuse and leave gap at pubic symphysis, posteriorly fuse with membranous superficial fascia and perineal body
78
deep perineal pouch contents | *there are difference dependant on male or female
urethra sphincter urethrae deep transverse perineal muscles innervated by dorsal nerve of clitoris from pudendal internal pudendal vessels (arteries, veins and nerve) female - vagina and dorsal nerves of clitoris male - dorsal nerves of penis, bulbourethral glands and penile arteries
79
superficial perineal pouch contents
``` muscles: ischiocavernous bulbospongiosus glands superficial transverse perineal innervated by muscular branches of pudendal ``` urethra vagina clitoris penis erectile tissue: crura bulb of vestibule bulb of penis nerves and vessels
80
attachments of perineal body
external anal sphincter bulbospongiosus superficial transverse perineal muscles
81
features of the penis
bulb corpus spongiosum corpus cavernosum glans
82
vessels supplying the penis
internal pudendal artery -> transverse perineal artery, the artery of the bulb, deep and dorsal penile arteries pudendal nerve -> dorsal nerve of penis and perineal nerve which has scrotal branches
83
4 sections of the male urethra
pre-prostatic prostatic membranous spongy
84
root of the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels
through greater sciatic notch -> behind sacrospinous ligament -> through the lesser sciatic foramen then branches to form inf rectal perineal nerve -> scrotal branches dorsal and deep nerves of penis
85
features of clitoris
glans body crus
86
innervation of clitoris
dorsal nerve of clitoris
87
sciatic nerve root value
L4-S3
88
superior gluteal root value
L4-S1
89
inferior gluteal root value
L5-S2
90
nerve to obturator internus root value
L5-S1
91
nerve to piriformis root value
S1-S2
92
pudendal nerve root value
S2-S4
93
what does pudendal nerve innervate
``` levator ani external anal sphincter external urethral sphincter bulbospogiosus ischiocavernosus ```
94
``` sympathetic effect on: rectum internal anal + urethral sphincter bladder detrusor ductus deferens seminal vesicles uterus arteries ```
``` decrease movement contract relax contract contract relax vasoconstriction ``` ejaculation
95
parasympathetic is from where
pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
96
``` parasympathetic effect on: rectum anal canal internal anal sphincter bladder detrusor arteries ```
``` increase motility increase motility relax contract vasodilation = erection ``` *no effect on; seminal vesicles, ductus deferens, uterus
97
nerves of penis
dorsal nerve of penis from pudendal nerve (somatic sensory + sympathetic) cavernous nerve from prostatic plexus (parasympathetic)
98
nerves of scrotum
anterior scrotal from ilioinguinal and genitofemoral posterior scrotal from perineal branch of pudendal (somatic)
99
nerves of anterior perineum (female)
anterior labial from ilioinguinal and genitofemoral
100
nerves of posterior perineum (female)
posterior labial from pudendal
101
nerve to labia
posterior labial from pudendal
102
nerve to orifice of vagina
deep branch of pudendal
103
nerve to bulb of clitoris
cavernous nerve from the utero-vaginall process

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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