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foot Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

muscles of the dorsal of the foot and nerve innervation

A

extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis
deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1)

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2
Q

attachments of the extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis (dorsal of foot)

A

superior surface of calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
EHB to base proximal phalanx of hallux
EDB to long extensor tendons

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3
Q

what do the common peroneal and tibial nerves (originally sciatic nerve) split to form in the foot

A

common peroneal - superficial and deep peroneal nerves

tibial - medial and lateral plantar nerves

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4
Q

where dos the common peroneal nerve split

A

between peroneus longus and neck of fibula

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5
Q

superficial peroneal nerve supplies what in the foot

A

cutaneous innervation to dorsum of foot

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6
Q

passage of the deep peroneal nerve

A

through extensor digitorium longus to travel with anterior tibial artery
crosses ankle joint

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7
Q

what nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to skin between digits 1 and 2

A

deep peroneal nerve

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8
Q

what does the popliteal artery give rise to in the lower limb

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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9
Q

branch of the tibial artery and what it supplies

A

fibular artery - provides perforating branches to lateral compartment

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10
Q

what does the anterior tibial artery give rise to in the foot

A

dorsalis pedis artery

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11
Q

branches of the dorsalis pedis artery

A

lateral tarsal
deep plantar artery (sole)
arcuate artery

lateral and arcuate anastomose

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12
Q

branches of the posterior tibial artery

A

lateral plantar artery

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13
Q

branches of lateral plantar artery

A 
plantar arch (deep plantar arteries join)
plantar arch gives - plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries
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14
Q

name of combined distal end of fibula and tibia and what this articulates with

A

malleolar mortise

trochlea of the talus

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15
Q

bones involved in the ankle joint

A

tibia + fibula (malleolar mortise)
talus
calcaneus

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16
Q

range of movement in:
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion

A

20-30o

30-50o

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17
Q

attachments of capsule around the ankle joint

A

articular margins

anteriorly extends onto neck of talus

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18
Q

ligaments of the ankle joint

A

lateral collateral ligaments:
anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

medial collateral ligaments:
anterior tibiotalar 
tibionavicualr 
tibicalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar
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19
Q

relations of the ankle joint

A 
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
tendocalcaneous
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20
Q

bones of the foot

A 
calcaneus 
talus
navicular
cuboid
cuneiforms
metatarsals - (sesamoid bones in flexor hallucis brevis)
phalanges
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21
Q

fascia of the plantar foot and what it forms

A

deep fascia - weak medially and laterally - thick centrally

central portion forms superficial ligament - plantar aponeurosis

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22
Q

attachments of plantar aponeurosis

A

proximally to calcaneus

divides into 5 bands distally and continuous with fibrous digital sheaths

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23
Q

what separates the medial, central and lateral compartments of the plantar foot

A

vertical inter muscular septae

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24
Q

muscles of dorsum of foot

A

extensor digitorum brevis

extensor hallucis brevis

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25
muscles of lateral compartment of the foot
abductor digiti minimi | flexor digiti minimi brevis
26
muscles of the central compartment of the foot
flexor digitorum brevis lumbricals quadratus plantae adductor hallucis
27
muscles of the medial compartment of the foot
abductor hallucis | flexor hallucis brevis
28
interossei of the foot
plantar interossei | dorsal interossei
29
muscles of foot layer one
abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi
30
muscles (and tendons) of foot layer 2
tendons of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum brevis lumbricals quadratus plantae
31
muscles of foot layer 3
flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi brevis
32
muscles (and tendons) of foot layer 4
3x plantar interossei 4x dorsal interossei tendons of peroneus longus and tibialis posterior
33
where does the tibial nerve split to enter the foot and what are the divisions
deep to the flexor retinaculum | medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve
34
where do the medial and lateral plantar nerves pass
enter foot deep to abductor hallucis medial - between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis lateral - between layers 1&2
35
branches of the lateral plantar nerve
superficial - between layers 1&2 | deep - between layers 3&4
36
what muscles of the foot are innervated by the medial plantar nerve
``` abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis flexor digitorum brevis 1st lumbrical flexor hallucis brevis ```
37
root value of the medial and lateral plantar nerves
S2-S3
38
cutaneous innervation to the plantar surface of the foot
``` medial plantar lateral plantar calcaneal dorsal lateral cutaneous of foot saphenous ```
39
where is the deep plantar arch found
layers 3&4
40
role of the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot
distribute weight act as shock absorbers act as spring-boards
41
transverse is supported by which smaller arches and what do these contain
tarsal arch - tendon of tibialis posterior and peroneus longus metatarsal arch - adductor hallucis muscle anterior arch - deep transverse metatarsal ligament
42
bones of the lateral longitudinal arch
calcaneus, cuboid, lateral cuneiform and 4th+5th metatarsal
43
bones of the medial longitudinal arch
calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3
44
what offers dynamic support to the longitudinal arches
flexor hallucis longus | flexor digitorum longus
45
passive support to the longitudinal arches
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring) short plantar ligament long plantar ligament plantar aponeurosis
46
weight distribution falls on which bones
calcaneus heads of metatarsals sesamoid bones of first metatarsal
47
joints of the foot
subtalar (talus + calcaneus) talonavicular + calcaneocuboid = transverse (mid) tarsal cuneonavicular tarsometatarsal (cuboid and cuneiforms + bases of metatarsals) inter metatarsal metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal
48
what type of joint is the subtalar
plane synovial
49
ligaments of subtalar joint
medial interosseous talocalcaneal lateral interosseous talocalcaneal posterior interosseous talocalcaneal
50
what type of joints form the talocalcaneonavicular joint
talocalcaneal part - plane synovial | talonavicualr part - ball and socket
51
what type of joint is the calcaneocuboud joint
plane synovial
52
ligaments of midtarsal joint
``` bifurcate dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament long plantar ligament short plantar ligament spring ligament ```
53
``` attachments of the following ligaments of the mid tarsal joint: bifurcate ligament dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament long plantar ligament short plantar ligament spring ligament ```
``` calcaneus to navicular and cuboid calcaneus to cuboid calcaneus to cuboid and metatarsals calcaneus to cuboid calcaneus to navicular ```
54
what are the joints of inversion and eversion in the foot
subtalar | talocalcaneal part of talocalcaneonavicular joint
55
ligaments of which joint that opposes inversion and eversion
midtarsal
56
process on inversion/eversion
forefoot and midfoot rotate on hindfoot at the midtarsal joint ligaments tighten and the force is transferred to the calcaneus forefoot, midfoot and calcaneus rotate under talus at the subtalar joint
57
ligaments of the tarsometatarsal ligaments
dorsal, plantar and interosseous tarsometatarsal ligaments
58
what type of joints are the metatarsophalangeal joints and actions they allow
synovial condyloid | flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
59
what type of joints are the interphalangeal joints and what actions do they allow
synovial hinge joints | flexion and extension
60
attachment of the abductor hallucis
medial tubercle of calcaneus and flexor retinaculum to base of hallux medial phalanx
61
attachment of flexor digitorium brevis
medial tubercle of calcaneus to medial phalanges of lateral 4 digits
62
attachment of abductor digit minimi
medial and lateral tubercle of calcaneus to proximal base of 5th phalanx
63
attachment of lumbricals
tendons of FDL to medial side of dorsal tendon extension
64
attachment of quadratus plantae
medial and lateral surfaces of calcaneus to lateral of FDL tendon
65
flexor hallucis longus attachment
cuboid and lateral cuneiform to both sides of proximal phalanx of hallux
66
adductor hallucis attachment
transverse head - plantar ligament of MTP to base of proximal phalanx of hallux (lateral) oblique head - base of metatarsals 2-4 to base of proximal phalanx of hallux (lateral)
67
flexor digiti minimi brevis attachments
base of 5th metatarsal to base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
68
attachment of plantar interossei
bases of metatarsals 3-5 (unipennate) to proximal phalanx of 3-5 (medial)
69
attachment of dorsal interossei
adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5 (bipennate) to medial proximal phalanx of 2nd digit then to lateral side of proximal phalanges 2-4
70
action of plantar interossi and distal interossei
plantar interossei - PAD so adduct | distal interossie - DAB so abduct

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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