Brain Injury (test 1)

Question 1

cerebral angiogram

Answer 1

• catheter in femoral artery
• takes blood to blood vessels around the head
• dye shows, is something bulging or constricting?

Question 2

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Answer 2

• open head injuries

- closed head injuries

Question 3

coup

Answer 3

where hit from outside

Question 4

countercoup

Answer 4

where brain hits skull

Question 5

dementia syndrome (boxers syndrome)

Answer 5

• slurred speech
• lack of coordination
• tremors
• personality changes
• athletes who carry E^4 gene variation of APOE may be like to develop CTBI

Question 6

do you have to hit your head to be concussed

Answer 6

No

Question 7

meniges purspose

Answer 7

protect CNS

Question 8

outer dura matter

Answer 8

enclosing brain in loose sack

Question 9

middle arachnoid matter

Answer 9

thin tissue following brain contours

Question 10

inner pia matter

Answer 10

tough tissue that clings to brain surface

Question 11

anterior cerebral artery

Answer 11

irrigates medial and dorsal parts of cortex

Question 12

middle cerebral arterty

Answer 12

irrigates the lateral surface of cortex

Question 13

posterior cerebral artery

Answer 13

irrigates ventral and posterior surfaces

Question 14

prolonged brain rest for oncussions

Answer 14

• can make symptoms feel worse
• can cause you to take on a sick role psychology
• push up to the pain not through it
• after initial first day or two of rest, best to return to daily life

Question 15

concussion recovery

Answer 15

• axon health may impact recovery
• not myelinated correctly can impact neural health
• other axons have the capacity to transmit other action potentials
• rewiring is crucial for those who cant fully recover

Question 16

prediction of concussion recovery

Answer 16

• difficult to predict

- many10-18 yr old hospital visits are for head injuries

Question 17

malignant tumor

Answer 17

• lack distinct boundaries
• likely to spread
• likely to reoccur after surgery

Question 18

metastisis

Answer 18

• malignant tumours shedding cells
• cause headaches
• travel to other sites

Question 19

benign tumour

Answer 19

• contained in membrane

- less likely to reoccur

Question 20

gliomas

Answer 20

tumour on glial cells

Question 21

meningiomas

Answer 21

tumour on meninges

Question 22

grade 1 tumour

Answer 22

benign

Question 23

grade 2 tumour

Answer 23

malignant, slow growing

Question 24

grade 3 tumour

Answer 24

malignant, requires aggressive treatment

Question 25

grade 4 tumour

Answer 25

rapidly fatal

Question 26

tumour treatment

Answer 26

- chemotherapy | - surgical removal if close to surface

Question 27

reticular matter

Answer 27

mix of white and grey mater

Question 28

tracts

Answer 28

collections of axons

Question 29

multiple sclerosis

Answer 29

- highest occurrence in Canada - damages myelin on CNS axons - demyelination of axons - affects white matter in other locations - appears 15-40 - 2x more common in woman - walking difficulty, numbness, tingling, fatigue

Question 30

AIDS

Answer 30

- acquired immune deficiency - result from HIV virus - can be HIV+ and not AIDS - sometimes misdiagnosed as depression - difficult concentrating, fatigue, social withdrawal, muscle weakness

Question 31

____ of people with HIV in Canada are unaware of it

Answer 31

1/5

Question 32

90-90-90 target

Answer 32

- 90% with HIV diagnosed - 90% diagnosed on treatment - 90% achieve viral suppressed

Question 33

HIV invades macrophages which

Answer 33

remove debris

Question 34

HIV invades microglia which

Answer 34

function as macrophages of CNS

Question 35

HIV invades astrocytes which

Answer 35

support blood-brain barrier

Question 36

HIV invades vascular endothelial cells which

Answer 36

layer blood vessels

Question 37

HIV infection can trigger the release of _______________, leading to apoptosis.

Answer 37

calcium