Frontal Lobe

Question 1

primar motor area functions

Answer 1

• Movement selection
• Fine movements
• Motor strength
• Direction of movement

Question 2

Pre-Motor areaa

Answer 2

pre-motor area
lateral area
medial area
frontal eye area
supplementary eye field
Broca's Area

Question 3

What area # is Broca’s Area

Answer 3

Area 44

Question 4

Area 44 is ______-

Answer 4

broca’s area

Question 5

pre-motor area functions

Answer 5

• Movement programming
• Corollary discharge (the world continues to stay stable despite the movement of our eyes)
• Motor strength
• Mirror neurons
• Eye movement

Question 6

connections of motor and pre-motor areas

Answer 6

• motor cortex
• premotor cortex
• eye fields

Question 7

motor cortex

Answer 7

• projects to spinal neurons and cranial nerves

- projects to the basal ganglia and the red nucleus

Question 8

premotor ortex

Answer 8

• projects to spinal cord and spinal cortex

- receives projections from parietal areas and dorsolateral perfrontal area

Question 9

eye fields

Answer 9

receive info from PG and the superior colliculus

Question 10

symptoms of frontal lobe damage

Answer 10

disturbances of motor function

• loss of fine movement, speed, and strength
• loss of movement programming
• changes in voluntary gaze

Question 11

loss of fine movement, speed, and strength is from damage to wehre

Answer 11

primary motor cortex

Question 12

loss of movement programming is from damage to where

Answer 12

premotor or dorsolateral cortex

Question 13

changes in voluntary gaze from damage to where

Answer 13

frontlal eye fields

Question 14

where is the end of dorsal and ventral streams

Answer 14

dorsolateral PFC

Question 15

3 connections of pre frontal cortex

Answer 15

Dorsolateral PFC
orbitofrontal PFC
ventromedial PFC

Question 16

dorsolateral PFC connections

Answer 16

• With posterior parietal cortex
• The superior temporal sulcus
• With the basal ganglia, and superior colliculus

Question 17

Orbitofrontal PFC connections

Answer 17

• With auditory regions of the superior temporal cortex
• Posterior central gyrus
• Superior temporal sulcus
• Visual regions of the inferior temporal cortex (Area TE)
• Limbic regions of the medial temporal areas (related to memory)
• Periaqueductal duct (pain perception)
• olfaction and gustation

Question 18

prefrontal cortex functions

Answer 18

controls cognitive processes so that appropriate behaviours are selected at the correct time

Question 19

internal cues

Answer 19

• temporal memory
• working memory
• feelings about something
• guide how we think

Question 20

temporal memory

Answer 20

information collected from the dorsal and ventral streams

Question 21

working memory

Answer 21

what are you thinking about in the here and the now

Question 22

external cuews

Answer 22

• What someone or something in environment does that gives us feedback that we use to adjust internal cues

Question 23

context cues

Answer 23

• Social interactions (orbitofrontal PFC)

Question 24

autonoetic awareness

Answer 24

• self knowledge collected over a lifetime of experience
• Binding together the awareness of oneself as continuous through time
• Have a sense of who and how you are relative to everyone else around you

Question 25

frontal lobe executive functions

Answer 25

- planning and selection - persistence and ignoring distracting stimuli - memory for what we have already done - responding to both internal and external and contextual information

Question 26

left frontal lobe

Answer 26

language | encoding memories

Question 27

right frontal lobe

Answer 27

non-verbal movements facial expression retrieving memories

Question 28

symptoms of frontal lobe lesions

Answer 28

- impaired divergent thinking - decreased verbal and design fluency - increased preservation - deficit of completing larger tasks

Question 29

tests used for frontal lobe damage

Answer 29

test response inhibition: stroop test Wisconsin card sorting

Question 30

stroop

Answer 30

say colour don't read word

Question 31

Wisconsin card sorting test

Answer 31

sort card into proper pile following a change in sorting "rules

Question 32

changes in personality

Answer 32

- Appears after lesions of the left frontal lobe - Outward apathy, indifference, loss of initiative - Reduced sexual interest, little or no verbal output

Question 33

Pseudo-psychology

Answer 33

- Appears after lesions of the right frontal lobe - Immature behavior, lack of tact and restraint - Promiscuous sexual behavior - Coarse language; lack of social graces

Question 34

diseases affecting frontal lobe

Answer 34

- schizophrenia - parkinson's disease - korsakoff's

Question 35

Schiophrenia and frontal lobe

Answer 35

- abnormality in the mesocortical dopaminergic projection | - decrease in blood flow to the frontal lobes

Question 36

parkinsons disease and frontal lobe

Answer 36

loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra thaat project to prefrontal cortex

Question 37

Kotsakoffs

Answer 37

alcohol induces damage over many years that damages the dorsomedial thalamus and a deficiency in frontal lobe catcholmines

Question 38

how do you test verbal fluency

Answer 38

Thurstone word fluency | write words as you can that start with ___

Question 39

how do you test non-verbal fluency

Answer 39

design fluency

Question 40

How do you test motor abilities

Answer 40

hand dynamoetry figer tapping sequencing

Question 41

how do you test language comprehension

Answer 41

token test spelling phonetic discrimination

Question 42

how do you test working memory

Answer 42

self ordering

Question 43

how do you test planning

Answer 43

tower of london

Question 44

Token test

Answer 44

- language comprehension test - shapes of different sizes and colors are placed in front of the subject - The test begins with simple tasks such as touch the white circle and then becomes progressively more difficult - Touch the large yellow circle and the large green square

Question 45

Broca's area also known as

Answer 45

inferior frontal gyrus

Question 46

Anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 46

- Makes extensive bidirectional connections with motor, premotor, and prefrontal cortex as well as with the insula

Question 47

voluntary gaze

Answer 47

Frontal lobe lesions produced alterations in voluntary eye gaze

Question 48

prolonged stress is correlated with functionally significant changes in ...

Answer 48

the structure of neurons in the PFC that affect temporal memory and goal-directed behaviors