Brainstem and CN nerve Part 1

Question 1

functions of the brainstem? [3]

Answer 1

• conduit: spinal tracts go through it
• CN functions: sensory input & motor output of head, & parasymp output, special sense & reflexs come out via
• *- integrative centres in the brainstem:
  i) **reticuloformation
  ii) sesnsorimotor integration

Question 2

where does the brainstem start?

C1
C2
C3
C4
​C5

which structure does it start before? [1]

Answer 2

where does the brainstem start?

C1
C2
C3
C4
​C5

which structure does it start before? [1]
foramen magnun

Question 3

* what is the general rule with where motor nuclei are? and sensory nuclei are? *

Answer 3

motor nuclei / tracts: move medially

sensory nuclei / tracts: more laterally

Question 4

1what is the dorso-ventral organisation of the brainstem?

• dorsal part = ? [1]
• middle part = ? [2]
• ventral part = ? [1]
  2. why are the conduit functions of the brainstem important? [2]

Answer 4

what is the dorso-ventral organisation of the brainstem?

• dorsal part = sensory
• middle part = ascending pathways & reticular formation
• ventral part = descending motor pthways

2. why are the conduit functions of the brainstem important? [2]
   - allow integration at subconcious, reflexive levels by connectivity with brainstem

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

which of the following is really spread out in the midbrain?

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus
Spinocerebellar
Cortiocospinal
Spinothalamic

Answer 6

which of the following is really spread out in the midbrain?

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus
Spinocerebellar
Cortiocospinal
Spinothalamic

Question 7

which part of the brainstem in this?

• midbrain
• pons
• open medulla
• closed medulla

Answer 7

which part of the brainstem in this?

• midbrain
• pons
• open medulla
• *- closed medulla**

Question 8

which part of the brainstem in this?

• midbrain
• pons
• open medulla
• closed medulla

Answer 8

which part of the brainstem in this?

• midbrain
• pons
• open medulla
• closed medulla

Question 9

which part of the brainstem in this?

• midbrain
• pons
• open medulla
• closed medulla

Answer 9

which part of the brainstem in this?

• midbrain
• pons
• *- open medulla**
• closed medulla

Question 10

label A-E of the midbrain XX

Answer 10

A: pineal gland
B: superior colliculi
C: inferior colliculi
D: cerbral peduncles
E: oculomotor nerve

Question 11

which of the following regulates circadian rthym?

A
B
C
D
​E

Answer 11

which of the following regulates circadian rthym?

A
B
C
D
​E

Question 12

midbrain:

what is role of:

• superior colliculi [1]
• inferior colliculi [1]
• cerebral peduncles [1]
• pineal gland

Answer 12

midbrain:

what is role of:

• superior colliculi [1]
• *eye movements and visual processing**
• inferior colliculi [1]
• *auditory processing**
• cerebral peduncles [1]
• *contains tracts descending from thalamus (CST & CBT)**

Question 13

which part of the brainstem in this?

• midbrain
• pons
• open medulla
• closed medulla

Answer 13

which part of the brainstem in this?

• midbrain
• pons
• *- open medulla**
• closed medulla

Question 14

which of the following has the corticospinal tracts in ?

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 14

which of the following has the corticospinal tracts in ?

A
B
C
D: cerebral peduncles
​E

Question 15

which of the following is involved in eye movements and visual processing?

A
B
C
D
​E

Answer 15

which of the following is involved in eye movements and visual processing?

A
B: superior colliculi
C
D
​E

Question 16

which of the following regulates circadian rthym?

A
B
C
D
​E

Answer 16

which of the following regulates circadian rthym?

A
B
C
D
​E

Question 17

which of the following is involved in auditory processing?

A
B
C
D
​E

Answer 17

which of the following regulates circadian rthym?

A
B
C
D
​E

Question 18

which of the following is involved in startle reflex?

• superior colliculi
• inferior colliculi
• cerebral peduncles
  ​- pineal gland

Answer 18

which of the following is involved in startle reflex?

• superior colliculi
  - inferior colliculi : integrate sound with look to see whats causing that sound
• cerebral peduncles
  ​- pineal gland

Question 19

which level of the brainstaim did you find cerebral aquaduct?

midbrain
medulla
thalamus
pons
corpus callosum

Answer 19

which level of the brainstaim did you find cerebral aquaduct?

midbrain
medulla
thalamus
pons
corpus callosum

Question 20

which CN do u find in the midbrain? [2]

which are their functions? [2]

Answer 20

which CN do u find in the midbrain? [2]

oculomotor nerve (CNIII): controls eyelid and eyemovents [1]; parasym to pupil & lens [1]

trochlear nerve (CN IV): eye movement

Question 21

cerebellum sits posteriorly to:

midbrain
medulla
thalamus
pons
corpus callosum

Answer 21

cerebellum sits posteriorly to:

midbrain
medulla
thalamus
pons
corpus callosum

Question 22

what is main role of pons? [1]

which CNs originate from pons? [4]

Answer 22

what is main role of pons? [1]
asecending and descending tracts pass through;
connects with cerebellum

which CNs originate from pons? [4]
trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulochoclear (CN VIII)

Question 23

which of the following provides parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland?

trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulochoclear (CN VIII)

Answer 23

which of the following provides parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland?

trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulochoclear (CN VIII)

Question 24

medulla role:

• contains which nucleus? [1] function? [1]
• contains which CN? [4]

Answer 24

medulla role:

• contains which nucleus: nucleus of solitary tract - blood flow info & info about 02 and c02 lvls
• contains which CN? [4]
  glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
  vagus nerve (CN X)
  spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
  hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 25

which of the following provides innervation to the parotid gland/ ``` glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) vagus nerve (CN X) spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) ```

Answer 25

which of the following provides innervation to the parotid gland/ **​glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)** vagus nerve (CN X) spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 26

which structure connects the cerebellum to the brainstem? [1]

Answer 26

which structure connects the cerebellum to the brainstem? [1] **cerebral penduncles**

Question 27

\*\*\* know this \*\*\* which CN are pure sensory nerves? [3] which CN are pure motor nerves? [5] which CN are mixed motor and sensory? [4]

Answer 27

\*\*\* know this \*\*\* which CN are pure sensory nerves? [3] **olfactory nerve (CN I) optic nerve (CN II) vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)** which CN are pure motor nerves? [5] **oculomotor nerve - CN III) trochlear nerve - CN IV spinal accessory nerve - CN XI hypoglossal nerve - CN XII abducens nerve - CN VI** which CN are mixed motor and sensory? [4] **trigeminal facial glosso VN** **Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more** S: sensory (olfactory nerve - CN I) S: sensory (optic nerve - CN II) M: motor (oculomotor nerve - CN III) M: motor (trochlear nerve - CN IV) B: both (trigeminal nerve - CN V) M: motor (abducens nerve - CN VI) B: both (facial nerve - CN VII) S: sensory (vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII) B: both (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX) B: both (vagus nerve - CN X) M: motor (spinal accessory nerve - CN XI) M: motor (hypoglossal nerve - CN XII)

Question 28

where on where do the nuclei tend to be of CN? [1]

Answer 28

in the middle / medial -\> outwards **motor nerves (M4M) (purple) motor nuclei of mixed nerves parasympathetic nerves sensory** where do the nuclei tend to be of CN? [1] **nuclei tend to be in region where CN enters / exit**

Question 29

which CN spans all of the brainstem? [1]

Answer 29

which CN spans all of the brainstem? [1] **facial nerve!!**

Question 30

explain the pupillary light reflex x - what is the afferent CN? - what is the efferent CN?

Answer 30

explain the pupillary light reflex x - what is the afferent CN: **CN II** - what is the efferent CN: **CN III** - light shines in (through retina) - splits at optic chiasm to L&R - goes to Endinger-Westphal nucleus (part of III) - CN III --\> cillary ganglion: closes iris **both pupils constrict !!**

Question 31

where are the lesions? Lesion 1: Lesion 2:

Answer 31

where are the lesions? Lesion 1: **Right CN II** Lesion 2: **Right CN III if things are same = CN II lesion (afferent is ruined) if things are different = CN III lesions (efferent ruiend)**

Question 32

how do u test the accomodatin reflex? which CN nerves testing? [2] which rectus muscle are you testing? what 3 reactions are u testing? [3]

Answer 32

what is the accomodation reflex? **ask to focus on something far away, and pull closer** which CN nerves testing? [2] **CN II & III** testing 3 reactions: **constriction of pupils thickening of lens (cilliary muscle constriction) convergenece of eye balls ( CNIII:**movement of eyeballs -**medial rectus muscle !!)**

Question 33

Dolls eye reflex: Afferent CN? [1] Efferent CNs? [3] how do u test? what is a normal reflex and abnormal reflex?

Answer 33

Dolls eye reflex: Afferent CN? [1]: **CN VIII** Efferent CNs? [3] **CN III, CN IV, CN VI** - tested by turning head side to side - normal reflex: **head moves to right, eyes move left** - abnormal refelx: **head moves to right, eyes follow**

Question 34

what structure connexts the cranial nerve nuclei controlling eye movement and the vestibular nuclei? [1]

Answer 34

**medial longitudinal fasiculus:** CN III, IV and VI

Question 35

Blink reflex: afferent CN? efferent CN?

Answer 35

Blink reflex: afferent CN: **trigeminal - V1** (but also bright light (CN II & loud noise CN VIII)) efferent CN: **CN VII - acts on orbicularis occuli muscle to close**

Question 36

gag reflex: afferent CN? efferent CN?

Answer 36

gag reflex: afferent CN: **CN IX** efferent CN: **CN X**