Brainstem II

Question 1

cranial nerve problems: ipsilateral or contralateral?

Answer 1

ipsilateral

Question 2

the UMN tract from the cortex to the brainstem that innervates LMNs

Answer 2

corticobulbar tract

Question 3

what is alternating hemiplegia?

Answer 3

ipsilateral tongue LMN signs; contralateral body UMN signs

Question 4

describe path of innervation to the tongue

Answer 4

pyramidal cells from cerebral cortex, go through brainstem where they’re called corticobulbar tract, stop and innervate alpha motor neurons

Question 5

how can you have a UMN lesion involving the tongue? signs?

Answer 5

a contralateral hypoglossal nucleus lesion (which is in the pons); weak, but no fasciculations)

Question 6

vocal cord paralysis: which cranial nerve is lesioned? which nucleus?

Answer 6

CN X (vagus); ambiguous nucleus

Question 7

somatic sensory from outer ear: which nucleus?

Answer 7

spinal trigeminal

Question 8

general visceral sensory from larynx, pharynx, thorax, abdomen; and special visceral sensory form taste buds of epiglottis: which nucleus?

Answer 8

solitary nucleus, vagus nerve

Question 9

general visceral motor to thorax and abdomen: what nucleus?

Answer 9

dorsal motor of vagus

Question 10

parasympathetics to the heart: what nucleus?

Answer 10

nucleus ambiguous/visceral motor

Question 11

gag reflex: afferent limb, which nucleus? efferent limb, which nucleus?

Answer 11

glossopharyngeal (IX) - SOLITARY NUCLEUS; vagus (X) - NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS

Question 12

visceral sensory from mucosa of pharynx what CN, what nucleus?

Answer 12

glossopharyngeal; solitary nucleus

Question 13

pain from pharynx, posterior tongue: what cranial nerve? what nucleus?

Answer 13

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve; spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 14

visceral motor functions of glossopharyngeal nerve: what nucleus? what function?

Answer 14

inferior salivatory nucleus; parasympathetics to otic ganglion to innervate the parotid gland

Question 15

the branchial motor of the glossopharyngeal nerve: which nucleus? what function?

Answer 15

nucleus ambiguus; branchial motor to stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 16

internal arcuate fibers of DCML location

Answer 16

medulla

Question 17

decussation of the pyramids location (lat. corticospinal tract)

Answer 17

medulla

Question 18

where is the area postrema? function?

Answer 18

circumventricular organ/emetic chemoreceptor in the medulla, very posterior at the obex. vomiting. no BBB.

Question 19

function of medullary reticular formation

Answer 19

arousal from sleep

Question 20

Bell’s palsy: what nucleus/nerve?

Answer 20

CN VII (LMN); corticobulbar nucleus on the ipsilateral side

Question 21

nucleus for branchial motor to muscles of facial expression

Answer 21

facial motor nucleus

Question 22

which nucleus does parasympathetics to pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal gland) and submandibular ganglion (nervus intermedius) to submandib. and subling glands

Answer 22

superior salivatory nucleus

Question 23

facial nerve motor to salivary, nasal, palatine, lacrimal glands: what nucleus?

Answer 23

superior salivatory

Question 24

nucleus for taste

Answer 24

solitary nucleus

Question 25

facial nerve UMN lesion location

Answer 25

corticobulbar lesion

Question 26

facial nerve lower motor neuron lesion location

Answer 26

facial nucleus or facial nerve; Bell's palsy

Question 27

medial strabismus: which nerve is lesioned?

Answer 27

abducens (CN VI) - lateral rectus paralyzed

Question 28

symptoms of abducens nucleus lesion

Answer 28

no lateral gaze eye same side + no conjugate contralateral medial gaze

Question 29

symptoms of abducens nerve lesion

Answer 29

no lateral gaze eye same side

Question 30

medial longitudinal fasciculus: responsible for ?

Answer 30

conjugate eye movements

Question 31

what does the medial longitudinal fasciculus connect?

Answer 31

vestibular nucleus to CN 3, 4, and 6 AND abducens to oculomotor

Question 32

what causes internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

Answer 32

lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (contralateral III doesn't)

Question 33

somatic sensory of trigeminal nerve: from skin of face and mucous membranes, dura: which nucleus?

Answer 33

main sensory nucleus, and spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 34

somatic sensory of trigeminal nerve: from stretch receptors of muscles of mastication: which nucleus?

Answer 34

from mesencephalic nucleus to the motor nucleus of vagus

Question 35

which nucleus does jaw jerk reflex travel on?

Answer 35

mesencephalic nucleus to motor nucleus of the vagus

Question 36

branchial motor of trigeminal nerve to muscles of mastication: which nucleus?

Answer 36

motor nucleus of vagus

Question 37

spinal trigeminal nucleus is to spinothalamics as main sensory nucleus is to ____

Answer 37

DC-ML (main sensory does deep touch, vibration, 2 pt discrimination)

Question 38

destination of the trigeminal system

Answer 38

VPM (ventral posterior medial nucleus)

Question 39

destination of the spinal cord

Answer 39

VPL (ventral posterolateral nucleus)

Question 40

skin of outer ear: which cranial nerves? which tract?

Answer 40

7, 9, 10 - spinal trigeminal system

Question 41

small portion of oral cavity that ascends uncrossed

Answer 41

dorsal trigeminal thalamic tract

Question 42

what neuron functions as corneal reflex (bilateral blinking)?

Answer 42

relay reticular formation neuron

Question 43

name nerves and nuclei of corneal reflex

Answer 43

sensory: V1 to rostral spinal nucleus (V); motor: facial nerve via facial motor nucleus

Question 44

jaw jerk reflex: monosynaptic or polysynaptic?

Answer 44

monosynaptic

Question 45

name nerves and nuclei of jaw jerk reflex

Answer 45

sensory: V via mesencephalon nucleus; motor: V via motor nucleus to masseter and temporal muscle

Question 46

only place where there are pseudounipolar neurons inside the CNS itself

Answer 46

trigeminal ganglion and nucleus

Question 47

type of neuron for jaw jerk reflex

Answer 47

pseudounipolar

Question 48

function of superior olivary nucleus; function of lateral lemniscus

Answer 48

sound localization; hearing.