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Brainstem (Internal Anatomy) Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

medulla oblongata connects the ____ superiorly and the ____ inferiorly

A

pons superiorly
cervical spinal cord inferiorly

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2
Q

continuous with anterior median fissure of SC

A

anterior median fissure of medulla oblongata

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3
Q

swelling on each side of median fissure

A

pyramids

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4
Q

pyramids are bound laterally by

A

ventrolateral sulcus

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5
Q

Pyramids carry ___ and ____ tracts to SC

A

lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts

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6
Q

pyramids carry ____ fibers in brainstem

A

corticobulbar fibers

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7
Q

emerge from the anterior median fissure and pass laterally over the surface of medulla to enter the cerebellum

A

anterior external arcuate fibers

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8
Q

anterior external arcuate fibers arise from arcuate nuclei at ____ and pass around the lateral surface to enter the ____

A

base of medulla, inferior cerebellar peduncle

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9
Q

posterolateral to the pyramids

oval elevations produced by underlying inferior olivary nuclei

A

olives

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10
Q

rootlets of ____ emerge from the groove between the pyramds and olives

A

hypoglossal nerve

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11
Q

posterior to the olives; connect medulla to cerebellum

A

inferior cerebellar peduncles

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12
Q

roots of ______, _____ and rootlets of ______ emerge lateral to the olives

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus
rootlets of accessory nerves

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13
Q

part of medulla oblongata that forms the lower part of the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

posterior surface of the superior half of the medulla

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14
Q

sulcus found in the posterior surface of the inferior half of the medulla

A

posterior median sulcus

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15
Q

what do you find on each side of posterior median sulcus

A

gracile tubercle

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16
Q

lateral to the gracile tubercle

A

cuneate tubercle

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17
Q

level of pyramidal decussation somatotopically organized

A

LE more lateral
UE medial

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18
Q

corticospinal fibers that convey impulses to the neck and UE cross first

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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19
Q

levels of medulla

A

Caudal half: pyramidal decussation, decussation of lemnisci

Rostral half: level of olives, level just inferior to pons

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20
Q

superiorly, the ____ occupy and form the pyramid

A

corticospinal fibers

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21
Q

inferiorly, about 90% of the corticospinal fibers decussate and continue down the lateral funiculus as

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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22
Q

posterior extensions of the central gray matter

A

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

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23
Q

becomes continuous with the inferior end of the nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal nerve

A

substantia gelatinosa

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24
Q

level of sensory decussation

A

level of lemnisci decussation

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25
inferior half of medulla crossing of second order neuron of the posterior column- medial lemniscus pathway
level of lemnisci decussation
26
decussation of lemnisci occurs ____ to the central gray matter, ____ to the pyramids
anterior to the central gray matter posterior to the pyramids
27
axons of neurons in the dorsal column nuclei travel ventromedially as _____ and cross to the opposite side to form the ____
internal arcuate medial lemniscus
28
dorsolateral position in medulla lies lateral to the internal arcuate fibers
spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (spinal trigeminal nucleus)
29
spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve descends to
c3 level of sc
30
sensations in spinal tract and nucleus of trigeminal nerve
exteroceptive sensations (pain, temp, light touch) from ipsilateral face
31
lateral to lemnisci decussation
lateral spinothalamic tract anterior spinothalamic tract spinotectal tract = spinal lemniscus
32
anterolateral region of lemnisci decussation
spinocerebellar tract vestibulospinal tract rubrospinal tract
33
oval elevations produced by underlying inferior olivary nuclei
olives
34
gray matter shaped like crumped bag with mouth directed medially responsible for the olives
olivary nuclear complex
35
principal nucleus, medial accessory olivary nucleus and dorsal accessory olivary nucleus
inferior olivary nucleus
36
cells of the inferior olivary nucleus send fibers medially across the midline to enter the cerebellum through the
inferior cerebellar peduncle
37
afferent fibers of olivary nuclear complex
spino-olivary tracts, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex
38
olivary nuclear complex is associated with
voluntary muscle movement
39
Vestibular nuclear complex consists of
1. medial vestibular nucleus 2. inferior vestibular nucleus 3. lateral vestibular nucleus 4. superior vestibular nucleus
40
vestibular nuclear complex is seen at this level
medial and inferior
41
anterolateral aspect of the inferior cerebellar peduncle
anterior cochlear nucleus
42
posterior aspect of peduncle lateral to the floor of the 4th ventricle
posterior cochlear nucleus
43
the common nucleus of the efferent fibers for glossopharyngeal (CN IX)- stylopharyngeus and vagus (CN X) nerves - pharyngeal muscles for swallowing and laryngeal muscles large motor neurons deep within the reticular formation
Nucleus Ambiguus
44
medial to lateral structures in the level of olives
Hypoglossal nucleus Dorsal nucleus of vagus Nucleus of tractus solitarius medial and inferior vestibular nuclei
45
anterior surface of pyramids
arcuate nuclei
46
arcuate nuclei receive afferents from cerebral cortex and send efferents to the cerebellum through
anterior external arcuate fibers
47
arcuate nuclei control
breathing
48
contain corticospinal and some corticonuclear fibers
pyramids
49
anterior of medulla is separated by the
anterior median fissure
50
fibers emerge from the decussation of the lemnisci and send afferents to thalamus
medial lemniscus
51
flattened tract on each side of the midline posterior to the pyramid
medial lemniscus
52
posterolateral corner in the level of olives lateral to 4th ventricle
inferior cerebellar peduncle
53
small tract on each side of the midline posterior to the media lemniscus and anterior to the hypoglossal nucleus
medial longitudinal fasciculus
54
pathway that connects the nuclei involved in eye movements ( CN III, IV, VI) to each other and to the vestibular nuclei for horizontal and conjugate eye movement
medial longitudinal fasciculus
55
rotates as it ascends from medulla to pons On the most anterior part of the tegmentum, long axis is transverse
medial lemniscus
56
medial lemniscus is accompanied by
spinal and lateral lemnisci
57
lies posterior to the lateral part of the medial lemniscus
facial nucleus
58
fibers of facial nerve wind around the abducens nucleus producing the ____
facial colliculus
59
beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle on either side of midline
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
60
main pathway connecting vestibular nuclei with nuclei controlling EOMs (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens)
medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
61
fibers derived from cochlear nuclei and nuclei of trapezoid body run transversely in anterior part of tegmentum crossing auditory fibers
trapezoid body
62
pontine nuclei
basis
63
trapezoid body crosses what fibers
auditory
64
terminate in pontine nuclei
corticopontine fibers of crus cerebri
65
transverse section through the cranial part - contains what nuclei
trigeminal
66
posterolateral to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
superior cerebellar peduncle
67
superior cerebellar peduncle is joined by the
anterior spinocerebellar tract
68
largest cerebellar pedunle, carry mainly inputs
middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis)
69
inputs to cerebellum from the pontine nuclei
pontocerebellar tracts (from corticopontine fibers to pontine nuclei)
70
midbrain developmental
mesencephalon
71
midbrain connects the pons and cerebellum with the
forebrain
72
midbrain long axis inclines anteriorly as it ascends through the
tentorial notch
73
midbrain is traversed by
cerebral aqueduct
74
exits the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III)
interpeduncular fossa
75
emerges from the dorsal aspect of midbrain, curves around, and appears at the lateral borders of the cerberal peduncles
trochlear nerve
76
passes under the cerebral peduncles before the peduncles disappear into the substance of the cerebral hemispheres
optic tract
77
rounded eminences divided to superior and inferior pairs by vertical and transverse groove
corpora quadrigemina (quadrigeminal plates)
78
superior and inferior colliculi transmits what information
superior colliculi - visual inferior - auditory
79
merge midline below the inferior colliculi wind around the lateral aspect of midbrain to enter the lateral wall of cavernous inus
trochlear nerve
80
pass from superior colliculus to lateral geniculate body and the optic tract
superior brachium
81
connects the inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate body
inferior brachium
82
structures included in tectum tegmentum, basis pedunculi
tectum - quadrigeminal plates tegmentum - main portion, ascending and descending tracts, reticular nuclei and other nuclear masses basal pedunculi - cerebral peduncles (substantia nigra, crus cerebri)
83
pigmented nuclear mass between dorsal surface of cerebral peduncle and tegmentum
substantia nigra
84
cerebral aqueduct is surrounded by
central gray matter (periaqueductal gray matter)
85
contains superior and inferior colliculi
tectum
86
part of auditory pathway receives terminal fibers of lateral lemniscus
inferior colliculus
87
in the central gray matter close to the median plane just posterior to the MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus)
trochlear nucleus
88
trochlear nucleus decussate in the
superior medullary velum
89
large motor nucleus between tegmentum and crus cerebri
substantia nigra
90
medium sized multipolar neurons that contain melanin and is concerned with muscle tone
substantia nigra
91
separates crus cerebri from tegmentum
substantia nigra
92
medial fibers of crus cerebri
frontopontine fibers
93
lateral fibers of crus cerebri
temporopontine
94
large nucleus that is part of the visual reflexes
superior colliculus
95
superior colliculus is connected to the lateral geniculate body by
superior brachium
96
the afferent pathway for the light reflex ends in the
pretectal nucleus
97
after relaying in the pretectal nucleus, the fibers pass the PSY nucleus of oculomotor nerve
Edinger -Westphal nucleus
98
situated in the central gray matter close to the median plane just posterior to MLF
oculomotor nucleus
99
oculomotor nucleus fibers pass anteriorly though the ___ to emerge on the medial side of the crus cerebri in the interpeduncular fossa
red nucleus
100
medial, spinal, and trigeminal lemnisci form a curved band posterior to substantia nigra but the
Lateral lemnisci does not extend to this level
101
rounded mass between the cerebral aqueduct and substantia nigra
red nucleus
102
has presence of iron containing pigment in the cytoplasm
red nucleus
103
superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) decussates at the level of the
inferior colliculi at midbrain

Neuro (16 decks)

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