Cerebellum

Question 1

Cerebellum

Answer 1

integrates massive sensory and other inputs from the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

cerebellum participate in

Answer 2

motor planning

Question 3

cerebellum relationship with LMNs

Answer 3

no direct connection

Question 4

cerebellum is found in

Answer 4

posterior cranial fossa

Question 5

cerebellum is covered superiorly by

Answer 5

tentorium cerebelli = infratentorial

Question 6

cerebellum is posterior to what structures

Answer 6

4th ventricle
pons
upper medulla

Question 7

cerebellum is connected to the post aspect of the brainstem by

Answer 7

sup, mid, and inf cerebellar peduncles

Question 8

cerebellum form what structure

Answer 8

roof of 4th ventricle

Question 9

deepest fissure of cerebellum

Answer 9

primary fissure

Question 10

what fissure separates anterior and middle (POST) lobe

Answer 10

primary fissure

Question 11

fissure that separates the middle lobe from flocculonodular lobe

Answer 11

uvulonodular fissure (posterolateral fissure)

Question 12

along the margin of the cerebellum that separates the superior from inferior surfaces

Answer 12

horizontal fissure

Question 13

3 main lobes of cerebellum

Answer 13

anterior lobe, middle (post) lobe, fiocculonodular lobe

Question 14

on the superior surface and separated from middle (post) lobe by the primary fissure

Answer 14

anterior lobe

Question 15

largest lobe

Answer 15

middle (posterior) lobe

Question 16

lobe between the primary and uvulonodular fissure

Answer 16

middle (post lobe)

Question 17

herniate through the foramen magnum in cases of increased intercranial pressure

Answer 17

cerebellar tonsil

Question 18

cerebellar tonsil herniation cause death via compression of

Answer 18

medullary respiratory centers

Question 19

3 functional subdivisions

Answer 19

vermis, flocculonodular lobe, cerebellar hemispheres

Question 20

influences movement of long axis of the body (neck, shoulder, thorax, abdomen,a nd hips)

Answer 20

vermis

Question 21

balance and vestibulo-ocular reflex

Answer 21

flocculonodular lobe

Question 22

zones of cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 22

intermediate and lateral zone

Question 23

immediately lateral to the vermis; control muscles of distal part of limbs

Answer 23

intermediate zone

Question 24

planning of sequential movements of entire body; conscious assessment of movement occurs

Answer 24

lateral zone

Question 25

functions of each functional division of the cerebellum

Answer 25

lateral hemispheres - motor planning for extremities intermediate hemispheres - distal limb coordination Vermis - proximal limb and trunk coordination flocculonodular lobe - balance and vestibulo-occular reflexes

Question 26

gray and white of cerebellum

Answer 26

outer gray (cortex), inner white

Question 27

small ridges that run from medial to lateral surface of the cerebellum (leaves)

Answer 27

folia

Question 28

3 layers (outer to inner)

Answer 28

molecular layer purkinje cell layer granular layer

Question 29

molecular layer contains what cells

Answer 29

stellate (outer) basket (inner)

Question 30

purkinje cell layer contains what type of neuron

Answer 30

large golgi type 1 neuron

Question 31

flask-shaped, arranged in a single layer

Answer 31

purkinje cell layer

Question 32

describe branches of purkinje cell layer

Answer 32

primary, secondary are smooth subsequent are covered by short thick dendritic spines

Question 33

purkinje cell layer terminates by synapsing with

Answer 33

intracerebellar nuclei

Question 34

small cells with densely staining nuclei and scanty cytoplasm

Answer 34

granular cell

Question 35

each granular cell gives rise to how many dendrites

Answer 35

4-5

Question 36

axons of granular cell pass through molecular layer and bifurcates at

Answer 36

T junction

Question 37

branches running parallel to the long axis of the folium run at right angles to the dendritic processes of the purkinje cells synapse with spinous process of dendrites of purkinje cells

Answer 37

parallel fibers

Question 38

dendrites ramify in molecular layer and axons terminate with dendrites of granular cells

Answer 38

golgi cells

Question 39

intracerebellar nuclei consist of (lat to med)

Answer 39

Dont Eat Greasy Food Dentate Emboliform Globose Fastigial

Question 40

composed of large, multipolar neurons with branching dendrites

Answer 40

intracerebellar nuclei

Question 41

receive collateral fibers of cerebellar inputs on their way to the

Answer 41

cerebellar cortex

Question 42

all outputs from cerebellum are relayed by

Answer 42

cerebellar nuclei

Question 43

largest intracerebellar nuclei

Answer 43

dentate nucleus

Question 44

interior of dentate nucleus is filled with white matter efferents that leave the nucleus to form

Answer 44

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 45

dentate nucleus receive projections from

Answer 45

lateral cerebellar hemisphere

Question 46

dentate nucleus is active when

Answer 46

before voluntary movement

Question 47

ovoid shape and medial to the dentate

Answer 47

emboliform nucleus

Question 48

consists of one or more rounded cell groups medial to the emboliform nucleus

Answer 48

globose

Question 49

emboliform and globose is collectively known as

Answer 49

interposed nuclei

Question 50

interposed nuclei (emboliform and globose) receive input from

Answer 50

intermediate part of cerebellar hemisphere

Question 51

interposed nuclei (emboliform and globose) is active when

Answer 51

during and in relation to movement

Question 52

intracerebellar nuclei that is close to the roof of 4th ventricle

Answer 52

fastigial nucleus

Question 53

fastigial nucleus receive input from

Answer 53

vermis (more) and flocculonodular lobe

Question 54

white matter in vermis and cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 54

small amount in vermise, increase in cerebellar hemisphere

Question 55

group of white matter that doesnt leave cerebellum and connects different regions within the organ

Answer 55

intrinsic

Question 56

greater group of white matter which proceed to cerebellar cortext

Answer 56

afferent

Question 57

output group of white matter

Answer 57

efferent

Question 58

efferent group starts off as

Answer 58

axons of purkinje

Question 59

cerebellar peduncles

Answer 59

superior cerebellar peduncle = brachium conjunctivum Middle = brachium pontis Inferior = resitiform body

Question 60

cerebellar peduncles decussates at the level of

Answer 60

inferior colliculi

Question 61

cerebellar peduncle inputs what

Answer 61

superior - output from cerebellum middle and inferior - input

Question 62

2 kinds of synaptic inputs to cerebellum

Answer 62

climbing fibers mossy fibers

Question 63

synaptic inputs to cerebellum are excitatory to

Answer 63

purkinje fibers

Question 64

terminal fibers of olivocerebellar tract

Answer 64

climbing fibers

Question 65

1 climbing fiber:

Answer 65

10 purkinje cells

Question 66

1 purkinje cell:

Answer 66

1 climbing fiber

Question 67

arise from numerous origins terminal fibers of all other cerebellar afferent tracts

Answer 67

mossy fibers

Question 68

1 mossy fiber:

Answer 68

thousand of purkinje cells through granule cells

Question 69

other cells of cerebellar cortex (inhibitory interneurons)

Answer 69

stellate basket golgi

Question 70

center of a functional unit of cerebellar cortex

Answer 70

purkinje cells

Question 71

stellate cells terminate on

Answer 71

purkinje cell dendrites

Question 72

basket cells terminate on

Answer 72

purkinje cell body

Question 73

receive excitatory inputs from the granule cell paralell fibers in the molecular layer shorten the durtion of excitatory inputs to the granule cell

Answer 73

golgi cell

Question 74

excited by synaptive inputs from granule cell then give rise to processes that run in rostro caudal direction, perpendicular to the parallel fibers lateral inhibition of adjacent purkinje cells and narrow the spatial extent of excitatory inputs to purkinje cells

Answer 74

stellate and basket

Question 75

In intracerebellar nuclear mechanisms, afferents come from

Answer 75

inhibitory axons of purkinje cells excitatory aoxns from climbinga nd mossy fibers passing to the cortex

Question 76

cerebellar cortical NT

Answer 76

Glutamate - excitatory; climbing and mossy fibers to dendrites of purkinje cells Norepinephrine and serotonin- modify the action of glutamate on purkinje cells

Question 77

rough somatotopic organization, with ipsi body represented in both anterior and posterior lobes

Answer 77

cerebellar input pathways

Question 78

cerebellar input pathways is carried by

Answer 78

mossy fibers and climbing fibers (olivocerebellar fibers)

Question 79

pathways from cerebral cortex

Answer 79

corticopontocerebellar cerebro-olivocerebellar cerebroreticulocerebellar

Question 80

cerebral cortex control what

Answer 80

voluntary movement monitor and adjust muscle activity

Question 81

pathway that gives rise to mossy fiberd

Answer 81

corticopontocerebellar pathway

Question 82

spinocerebellar fibers from spinal cord

Answer 82

anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar tract posterior (dorsal) cuneocerebellar rostral spinocerebellar

Question 83

functions of spinocerebellar tracts

Answer 83

Anterior spinocerebellar - convey info from MS, Tendon organs, and joint receptors of UE and LE Posterior - trunk and LE cuneocerebellar - UE and neck Rostral spinocerebellar (least well characterized) - Vestibulocerebellar fibers - info about position of head and body in space - orienting the eyes during movement

Question 84

main outflow from cerebellum

Answer 84

axons from cerebellar nuclei