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Hydrotherapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrotherapy comes from what words

A

Hydro - water
therapeia - healing

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2
Q

Enumerate physical properties of water

A

Specific heat and thermal conductivity
Buoyancy
Resistance
Hydrostatic Pressure

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3
Q

amt of energy that we need to inc temp of a given weight of a material by a given no. of degrees

A

specific heat

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4
Q

unit of specific heat

A

joules per gram per deg.

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5
Q

– ability of one material to transfer the heat via conduction

A

thermal conductivity

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6
Q

unit of thermal conductivity

A

(cal/sec)/ (C/cm)

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7
Q

specific heat and thermal conductivity of water

A

SH: 4.19
TC: 0.0014

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8
Q

specific heat and thermal conductivity of air

A

SH: 1.01
TC: 0.000057

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9
Q

Water: air ratio

A

SH: 4.14
TC: 24.56

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10
Q

temperature to use for acute inflammation

A

cool

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11
Q

temp for exercise, acute inflammation if cant tolerate cold

A

tepid

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12
Q

temp for open wounds, medically-compromised pts, decrease tone

A

neutral warmth

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13
Q

temp to increase mobility of burns

A

mild warmth

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14
Q

temp for pain control

A

hot

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15
Q

temp to increase tissue extensibility, chronic conditions

A

very hot

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16
Q

temp that should not be used

A

> 43C or >110 F

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17
Q

principles of buoyancy

A

Archimedes’ principle
Specific gravity

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18
Q

principle that states when a body is immersed in fluid at rest, it creates an upward thrust equal to the amount of fluid displaced

A

Archimedes’ principle

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19
Q

corresponds to density of material: density of water ratio

A

specific gravity

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20
Q

formula of density

A

mass/ volume

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21
Q

Specific gravity of pure water

A

1

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22
Q

Specific gravity of salt water

A

1.024

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23
Q

Specific gravity of ice

A

0.917

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24
Q

specific gravity of air

A

0.00121

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25
specific gravity of average human body
0.974
26
specific gravity of subcutaneous fat
0.85
27
relation of specific gravity to pure water
greater than 1 - sink less than 1- float
28
higher sog
easier to float like salt water
29
When you try to swim in the water, you feel ____ against body.
resistance
30
resistance in water is due to
viscosity of a liquid --> friction b/w molecules of water
31
Factors of resistance
Larger Surface area, higher resistance Faster you move, higher resistance
32
Law of hydrostatic pressure
Pascal's law
33
a fluid exerts equal pressure on all surfaces of a body at rest at a given depth
Pascal's law
34
Hydrostatic pressure is deeper
in LE (foot)
35
Physiologic Effects of hydrotherapy
Cleansing effects Musculoskeletal effects Thermal effects Cardiovascular effects Respiratory Effects Renal Effects Psychological Effects
36
Cleansing effects of hydrotherapy
* Pressure to remove debris (from wound) * Dissolved surfactants and anti-microbials in water
37
Musculoskeletal effects
* Decreased weight-bearing (assistive) * Strengthening (resistive) * Effects on bone density loss * Less fat loss (vs other exercises)
38
Percentage weight bearing on C7, xiphisternum, ASIS
C7- 10 Xiphisternum - 25 to 30 ASIS - 50
39
Thermal effects
Cold * Decreases metabolism * Pain relief * Controls inflammation Hot * Relaxes muscle * Increases flexibility * Improves circulation (VD effects) * Increases tissue extensibility
40
Cardiovascular effects
* inc venous circulation * inc cardiac volume * inc cardiac output * dec heart rate, systolic BP, rate of 02 uptake (VO2)
41
Respiratory Effects
dec vital capacity inc work of breathing dec exercised-induced asthma
42
Renal Effects
Diuresis (make u urinate more frequently) inc Na+ and K+ excretion (reduces edema)
43
increase in renal blood flow decreases
release of ADH (aldosterone)
44
hormone that trigger production of urine
adh (aldosterone)
45
Physiological effects
Relaxing (warm) energizing (Cool)
46
Uses of Hydrotherapy
- Sup heating/ cooling (convection, conduction) - pain control (thermal effects) - edema control (hydrostatic pressure) - water exercises (buoyancy) - wound care (commonly used during debridement - cleansing of wound)
47
Contraindications for Local Immersion Hydrotherapy
* Maceration around a wound o Excessive softening of tissue o Results more to skin breakdown * Bleeding
48
Precautions for Local Immersion Hydrotherapy
- Impaired sensation - infection - impaired cognition - recent skin grafts
49
Precautions for Full Body Immersion Hydrotherapy
- Confusion, disorientation - alcohol ingestion - limited strength, endurance or balance - medications for CV disease - urinary incontinence - fear of water - respiratory compromise
50
Contraindications for Full body Immersion Hydrotherapy
Cardiac instability infections spread in water bowel incontinence severe epilepsy suicidal patients
51
Application techniques
whirlpool Contrast bath exercise pool non immersion irrigation devices
51
Effects of Hydrotherapy
Drowning burns. fainting, bleeding hyponatremia (c extensive wound burns) - salt water Infection (add anti-microbials in water) aggravation of edema in UE Asthma exacerbation
52
part of whirlpool that allow flow of air through tube
butterfly valve
53
resp for creating water output together c air, creating turbulence
turbine ejection
54
used to move the entire turbine on left/ right side
throttle
55
holds the entire turbine to the tank/ point of attachment
suspension bracket
56
whirlpool types
Hubbard - full body immersion extremity- distal extremity high boy- mid thoracic, doesnt allow full LE ext low boy- mid thoracic allows full LE ex
57
duration of tx
20-30
58
effect in contrast bath
pumping effect
59
temp in contrast bath
o Warm water: 38-43 C (100-110F) o Cold water: 13-18C (55-65F) –
60
procedure of contrats bath
hot (3-4 mins) Cold (1-2 mins) repeat cycle for 20-30 mins
61
Last immersion usual in contrast bath
end with warm water
62
Last immersion some reference
Acute to subacute: cold water Subacute to chronic: hot water
63
hydrotherapy application that is Larger; To optimize cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and psychological effects (effects only applicable to full body immersion)
exercise pool
64
temp of exercise pool
26-360 C common - tepid Warm: 34-36C for low-intensity exercises Cool: 26-29C for more intense exercises
65
o Sprays water to open wound
* Non-immersion irrigation devices
66
* Non-immersion irrigation devices pressure
4-15 psi
67
o Pulsatile irrigation device → delivers fluid at controlled pressure + removes contaminated fluid (via suction=
pulsed lavage
68
recommended safety measures
o A room temperature of 25-30C with relative humidity of 50% is recommended o Check electrical safety of machine and wires o Do not run the turbine without the water
69
 Commonly contaminated parts:
* Bottom of the tank/ pool * Overflow pipes * Agitators * Thermometer o Can sometimes immersed thermometers * Edges of the tank/pool * Drainage
70
documentation
* Hydrotherapy using x x x x to

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