Branchial Arches Flashcards
The viscerocranium or splanchnocranium develops from the ________ and are associated with the mouth and pharynx.
Branchial arches
The ________ forms the base of the skull that the brain rests upon.
Chondrocranium or cartilaginous neurocranium
The chondrocranium beneath the notochord is derived from ________ and from ________ anterior to the notochord
Somitic mesoderm, neural crest
The ________ is the most recent part of the skull to develop evolutionarily.
Dermatocranium or membranous neurocranium
Unlike the chondrocranium, the dermatocranium undergoes ________ ossification.
Intramembranous
What are the two general methods of assigning information from genes to development?
Intrinsic patterning (early specification): Hox assigns identity, typical of arches
Inductive patterning (late specification): cells responsive to patterning cues of near by tissues, typical of neurocranium
If a Hox gene patterning an arch is knocked out, it results in a duplication of the ________ arch.
Previous (if Hox for arch 2 is knocked out, arch 1 will be duplicated)
________ have a strong role in signaling positional information to migrating neural crest.
Sensory placodes
The frontonasal prominence is concealing the ________ and ________.
Forebrain, midbrain
The maxillary and mandibular prominences conceal the ________ and ________.
Midbrain, hindbrain
The nasomedial and maxillary processes fuse to form the ________ and _______.
Upper lip, jaw
What does the intermaxillary segment become?
Philtrum, premaxillary component of upper jaw, primary palate
The lower jaw forms from the fusion of the ________ processes.
Mandibular
Fusion of the medial nasal and maxillary processes, posterior to the intermaxillary process, forms the ________.
Nasal fin
Failure of the maxillary prominence to fuse with the medial and lateral nasal prominences can lead to a ________.
Craniofacial cleft
