Urogenital Development

Question 1

What do the Leydig cells do?

Answer 1

Produce testosterone

Question 2

How do the calyces form?

Answer 2

Numerous small buds form and fuse to create larger buds. This process repeats a few times before the calyces and renal pelvis form

Question 3

When are the primordial germ cells enveloped by the cortex?

Answer 3

Week 6

Question 4

What are the 5 parts of the indifferent external genitalia?

Answer 4

Genital tubercle
Genital folds
Anal folds
Urogenital sinus
Labioscrotal swellings

Question 5

What do the Sertoli cells do?

Answer 5

Secrete AMH

Question 6

What process is frozen in oocytes during development?

Answer 6

Meiosis I

Question 7

What happens to the primordial germ cells during week 4?

Answer 7

Migration and mitosis

Question 8

What is the most common birth defect of the male genitalia?

Answer 8

Cryptorchidism

Question 9

Due to the ureters developing from similar embryonic tissue as other urogenital structures, it is possible for the ureter to connect to structures other than the bladder. What is this called?

Answer 9

Ectopic ureter

Question 10

What is indicative of a hematocele?

Answer 10

No transillumination

Question 11

What two structures make the renal corpuscle?

Answer 11

Glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Question 12

What are the three filtering systems called in a developing embryo? Which becomes permanent?

Answer 12

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros. Metanephros

Question 13

What is indicative of a hydrocele?

Answer 13

Transillumination

Question 14

Failure of the urogenital sinus to close in a male is known as what?

Answer 14

Hypospadias

Question 15

What drives the ureteric bud to migrate towards the metanephric blastema?

Answer 15

Reciprocal induction

Question 16

What can happen if the paramesonephric ducts do not completely fuse?

Answer 16

Uterus didelphys (double vagina), uterus arcuatus, uterus bicornis (single vagina), uterus bicornis unicollis

Question 17

What is vaginal atresia?

Answer 17

Uterus and vagina are connected, however the vagina is not open to the outside

Question 18

What three anomalies can occur at the urachus?

Answer 18

Fistula, sinus, cyst

Question 19

When the cortex envelops oogonia, what is formed?

Answer 19

Primary follicles

Question 20

What is the failure of one or both testes to descend known as?

Answer 20

Cryptorchidism

Question 21

What do the paramesonephric ducts become?

Answer 21

Male: degenerate

Female: uterus, uterine tubes

Question 22

What is the ovarian determining gene?

Answer 22

Wnt4

Question 23

What is produced if the SRY gene is present? What happens when it is present?

Answer 23

Testis-determining factor (TDF). Gonadal cords condense and extend into medulla, medulla differentiates, germ cells are enveloped by gonadal cords

Question 24

What genetic disease affects the kidneys both in children and adults? What is the inheritance?

Answer 24

Polycystic kidney disease.

Infantile: autosomal recessive

Adult: autosomal dominant

Question 25

When are the primordial germ cells apparent in the yolk sac?

Answer 25

By week 4

Question 26

What drives sexual differentiation?

Answer 26

SRY gene in the Y chromosome

Question 27

Where are the primordial germ cells located at the end of week 5?

Answer 27

Reach the gonadal ridges

Question 28

What are some of the developmental anomalies that can occur with improper rotation/ascent of the kidneys?

Answer 28

Pelvic kidney, horseshoe kidney, accessory renal arteries

Question 29

What is the mesonephric duct also known as? What does it become?

Answer 29

Wolffian duct. Ductus deferens in males. Remnants in females (epoophoron, paraoophoron etc.)

Question 30

What is cervical atresia?

Answer 30

Failure of the uterovaginal plate to degenerate, leaving the uterus and vagina separated