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Embryology > Branchial Archs > Flashcards

Branchial Archs Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Branchial Arch 1 - CN

A

Maxillary and mandibular divisions of trigeminal nerve (CN V2, V3)

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2
Q

Branchial Arch 1 - Musculature

A

muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, pterygoids), mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palantini

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3
Q

Branchial arch 1 - arterial

A

Aortic Arch 1 (Temporary)

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4
Q

Branchial arch 1 - skeletal

A

Mandibular and maxillary prominences

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5
Q

Branchial arch 2 - CN

A

Facial nerve (VII)

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6
Q

Branchial arch 2 - musculature

A

stapedius, stylohyoid, muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric

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7
Q

Branchial arch 2 - arterial

A

stapedial artery (temporary)

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8
Q

Branchial arch 2 - skeletal

A

stapes, styloid process of temporal bone, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn of hyoid bone, & upper body of hyoid bone

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9
Q

Branchial arch 3 - CN

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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10
Q

Branchial arch 3 - musculature

A

stylopharyngeus

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11
Q

Branchial arch 3 - artery

A

CCA, first part of ICA including carotid sinus

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12
Q

Branchial arch 3 - skeletal

A

greater horn & lower part of hyoid bone

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13
Q

Branchial arch 4 - CN

A

pharyngeal branch and superior laryngeal vagus (X) nerve

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14
Q

Branchial arch 4 - musculature

A

pharyngeal constrictor muscles, extrinsic laryngeal muscles, levator veli palantini

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15
Q

Branchial arch 4 - artery

A

subclavian artery (right) and aortic arch (left)

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16
Q

Branchial arch 6 - CN

A

recurrent laryngeal vagus nerve (CN X)

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17
Q

Branchial arch 6 - musculature

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

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18
Q

Branchial arch 4 - skeletal

A

thyroid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilage

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19
Q

Branchial arch 6 - artery

A

ductus arteriosus

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20
Q

Branchial arch 6 - skeletal

A

arytenoid cartilages

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21
Q

Mandibular prominence gives rise to

A

Meckel’s cartilage, malleus, incus, and mandible

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22
Q

What is the largest branchial arch?

A

1

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23
Q

Branchial arches 4 & 6 forms

A

cartilages of larynx (minus epiglottis)

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24
Q

Branchial arch 2 gives rise to which bones & cartilages?

A

Reichert’s cartilage, stapes, stylohyoid process, upper 1/2 of hyoid bone (endochondral ossification)

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25
maxillary prominence gives rise to
maxilla, zygomatic bone, and squamous portion of temporal bone (intramembranous ossification)
26
Branchial arch 3 gives rise to which bones
lower 1/2 of hyoid bone (endochondral ossification)
27
Pharyngeal membrane 1 forms
tympanic membrane
28
Branchial groove/cleft 1 forms
external acoustic canal
29
Pharyngeal membranes 2-4
regresses
30
Pharyngeal pouch 5
Atypical & usually lumped in with pouch 4. Creates ultimobranchial body which creates parafollicular (C) cells that secrete calcitonin
31
Pharyngeal pouch 4 forms
superior parathyroid gland
32
Pharyngeal pouch 3 forms
Ventral wing - thymus Dorsal wing - parathyroid gland
33
Pharyngeal pouch 2 forms
tonsillar sinus & surface epithelium of palantine tonsil
34
Pharyngeal pouch 1 forms
tubotympanic recess (eustacian tube) & middle ear cavity
35
Branchial groove/cleft 2-4 forms
cervical sinus
36
Purpose of palate
separates oral & nasal cavities, except in regions of pharynx
37
Incisive foramen
landmark between primary & secondary palate
38
secondary palate
forms as paired shelves (lateral palantine processes) that lift from maxillary prominences
39
primary palate
forms as part of intermaxillary segment
40
Thyroid is initially ______ to median lung bud
caudal
41
what is the thyroid gland's final location?
midline location immediately anterior to the trachea
42
What causes thyroglossal duct cyst?
If the thyroglossal duct does not atrophy
43
What is the origin of the thyroid gland?
The primitive pharynx and the neural crest cells. Rudimentary thyroid comes from NCC and bulk of the gland comes from primary pharynx.
44
Initial descent of thyroid gland follows the ________ _____ & is _______ to pharyngeal gut
primitive heart; anterior
45
What connects the thyroid gland to the tongue during the descent?
Thyroglossal duct
46
When does the thyroid gland finish its descent?
7th gestational week
47
Clinical features of thyroglossal duct cyst
Painless, asymptomatic midline swelling
48
Thyroglossal duct sinus/fistula
If a TDC ruptures & forms a fistula
49
Ectopic thyroid gland
May occur anywhere along the descent tract, but is most common at the base of the tongue/posterior to foramen cecum
50
Clinical features of ectopic thyroid gland
may be associated with hypothyroidism, gland may enlarge due to high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) & cause localized symptoms
51
Thyroid gland forms from proliferation of ___________ _________ __________ on median surface of developing ___________ ___________.
endodermal epithelial cells; pharyngeal floor
52
Where is the site of thyroid development?
Foramen cecum
53
Branchial cleft cysts
AKA branchial cleft remnants. Not midline structures, can develop bilaterally or unilaterally.
54
How is the intermaxillary segment formed
Formed by fusion of paired medial nasal prominences
55
what does the intermaxillary segment form?
Philtrum, nasal septum, premaxillary part of maxilla, primary palate
56
The palate is made up of what 3 parts?
Primary palate, secondary palate, incisive foramen
57
Anterior cleft malformation
Cleft lip
58
Incomplete fusion of maxillary prominence with medial nasal prominence
cleft lip
59
Which gender is cleft lip more common in?
Males
60
What is a proposed cause of cleft lip?
advanced maternal age
61
Posterior cleft malformation
Cleft palate
62
Incomplete fusion of lateral plantine process and nasal septum
Cleft palate
63
Which gender is cleft palate more common in?
females
64
Causes of cleft palate
smallness of palatal shelves, failure of shelves to elevate, inhibition of the fusion process itself, failure of the tongue to drop between shelves because of micrognathia
65
First arch syndrome - clinical features
malformations of ear, mandible, zygoma, and palate
66
First arch syndrome - cause
insufficient neural crest cell migration to first branchial arch
67
DiGeorge Syndrome - clinical features
1. Lack of thymus gland & parathyroid glands 2. Facial anomalies 3. CHD
68
DiGeorge syndrome - causes
failure of neural crest cells to migrate to certain areas of pharyngeal pouches

Embryology (8 decks)

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