Fetal membranes, placenta, and multiple pregnancies

Question 1

Which 3 components make up blastocyst?

Answer 1

Trophoblast, inner cell mass, and blastocyst cavity

Question 2

Which two components make up trophoblast?

Answer 2

syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

Question 3

When do lacunae appear in syncytiotrophoblast?

Answer 3

Day 10

Question 4

When do lacunar networks form?

Answer 4

Day 12

Question 5

EEM splits to form

Answer 5

extraembryonic coelom (chorionic cavity)

Question 6

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm lines

Answer 6

trophoblast and amnion

Question 7

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm surrounds

Answer 7

yolk sac

Question 8

Amniotic membrane is made up of

Answer 8

amniotic epithelium and extraembryonic mesoderm

Question 9

Chorionic membrane is made up of

Answer 9

extraembryonic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast

Question 10

Yolk sac is made up of

Answer 10

endoderm, extraembryonic mesoderm

Question 11

The amnion contains amniotic fluid which is produced by

Answer 11

amniotic ectoderm, fetal respiratory tract, and fetal urine

Question 12

Amniotic fluid is removed by

Answer 12

diffusion and swallowing by the fetus

Question 13

What are the functions of the amnion?

Answer 13

cushions and protects, prevents adhesions, freedom of movement, controls body temp

Question 14

Oligohydramnios

Answer 14

Disorder of amniotic fluid resulting in decreased amniotic fluid volume. Results in poor development of the lung tissue and can lead to fetal death. It can be caused by a rupture of the membranes or fetal kidney issues.

Question 15

Polyhydramnios

Answer 15

Disorder where there is too much amniotic fluid around the baby during pregnancy. Could indicate that the fetus is having trouble swallowing or there is a GI blockage.

Question 16

Primary villus

Answer 16

contains core of cytotrophoblast

Question 17

Secondary villus

Answer 17

contains core of mesenchyme

Question 18

cytotrophoblastic shell

Answer 18

cytotrophoblast extensions that anchor the chorionic sac to endometrium

Question 19

Tertiary villus

Answer 19

contains fetal capillaries

Question 20

Which type of circulation predates feto-placental circulation

Answer 20

utero-placental circulation

Question 21

When does feto-placental circulation develop

Answer 21

21 days

Question 22

Feto-placental circulation

Answer 22

embryonic blood vessels differentiate from mesenchyme in villi and connecting stalk

Question 23

chorion leavae

Answer 23

Smooth surface of chorion - forms protective shell around developing fetus

Question 24

chorion frondosum

Answer 24

rough surface of chorion - portion of chorion that has been modified to increase surface area contact with maternal tissues for physiologic exchange.

Question 25

What is the allantois

Answer 25

extension of yolk sac into connecting stalk

Question 26

What does the allantois do

Answer 26

gives rise to umbilical vessels, forms the urachus and median umbilical ligament

Question 27

What are the three decidua

Answer 27

decidua capsularis, decidua parietalis, decidua basalis

Question 28

What happens to the decidua capsularis

Answer 28

degenerates

Question 29

what happens to the decidua parietalis

Answer 29

fuses with chorion

Question 30

what happens to decidua basalis (smooth chorion)

Answer 30

fuses with amnion

Question 31

what is the fetal component of the placenta?

Answer 31

chorion frondosum (villous chorion)

Question 32

what is the maternal component of the placenta?

Answer 32

decidua basalis

Question 33

What is the chorionic plate in relation to the placenta?

Answer 33

fetal surface of placenta

Question 34

Which structures make up the full term placenta?

Answer 34

Cytotrophoblastic shell, mainstem villus (trunk), free floating villi, anchoring villi, and branch villi

Question 35

What does the branch villus do?

Answer 35

Exchange between fetal and maternal blood

Question 36

Which hormones does the placenta release?

Answer 36

steriod hormones (estrogen and progesterone), prostaglandins, protein hormones

Question 37

what are the protein hormones

Answer 37

human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, human chorionic thyrotropin, human chorionic corticotropin

Question 38

Contents of intervillous space normally include

Answer 38

oxygen, carbon dioxide, maternal blood, and electrolytes

Question 39

The amniotic cavity appears on the 8th day of development as a slitlike space between the trophoblast and the

Answer 39

inner cell mass