Breast A&P

Question 1

skin thickness of breast

Answer 1

0.5 to 2mm

Question 2

what is the medical term for milk glands?

Answer 2

lobules

Question 3

ampulla

Answer 3

nipple

Question 4

2 types of breast tissue

Answer 4

glandular
stromal

Question 5

3 layers/zones of the breast

Answer 5

premammary
mammary
retromammary

Question 6

what does the premammary zone contain?

Answer 6

fat and Cooper’s ligaments

Question 7

the mammary layer contains

Answer 7

the functional elements of the breast

Question 8

the retromammary layer is similar to the _____________ and contains

Answer 8

premammary layer
less fat, Cooper ligaments usually not seen

Question 9

the pectoral muscles are best imaged in the ____ plane

Answer 9

transverse

Question 10

what does TDLU stand for?

Answer 10

terminal ductal lobular unit

Question 11

TDLU is the _____ made of 30 to 50 _______ cells

Answer 11

functional unit of the breast made up of acinar cells

Question 12

non-lactating breast duct measures

Answer 12

less than 3mm

Question 13

lactating breast duct measures

Answer 13

less than 8 mm

Question 14

the site where most breast abnormalities arise

Answer 14

TDLU

Question 15

what separates the breast into superficial and deep tissues?

Answer 15

fascia

superficial fascia = premammary fascia
deep fascia = retromammary fascia

Question 16

about ____ to ____ lactiferous ducts converge towards the ampulla

Answer 16

15 to 20

Question 17

part of the mammary tissue that extends into the upper outer quadrant and axilla area

Answer 17

tail of Spence

Question 18

breast are an ____ gland that produces milk ___ to ___ days postpartum

Answer 18

exocrine gland that produces milk 2 to 3 days postpartum

Question 19

levels rise during the first half of the cycle and stimulate ductal proliferation

Answer 19

estrogen

Question 20

levels rise with ovulation
and stimulate lobular proliferation

Answer 20

progesterone

Question 21

prolactin inhibitors are produced by the _____ gland

Answer 21

hypothalamus

Question 22

prolactin is produced by the _____ gland

Answer 22

pituitary gland

Question 23

oxytocin is produced by the ____ gland and causes ________ with lactation

Answer 23

pituitary gland
causes ductal contraction with lactation

Question 24

what is polythelia?

Answer 24

accessory nipple

Question 25

most polythelia appear along the ____ and more than 90% are ____ to the normal ampulla

Answer 25

along the milk line most are inferior to the normal nipple

Question 26

what is the most common congenital anomaly of the breast in both females and males?

Answer 26

polythelia

Question 27

what is polymastia?

Answer 27

accessory breast tissue supernumerary breasts

Question 28

____ is the most common site of polymastia

Answer 28

axilla

Question 29

most polymastia forms without a _____

Answer 29

ampulla

Question 30

caused by the tethering and shortening of ducts behind the ampulla

Answer 30

nipple inversion

Question 31

what is amazia?

Answer 31

absence of development of functional breast tissue

Question 32

what is amastia?

Answer 32

failure of the breast and nipple to develop

Question 33

3 breast arteries

Answer 33

1. internal mammary artery 2. intercostal artery 3. lateral thoracic artery

Question 34

venous drainage of breast (3)

Answer 34

superior vena cava axillary vein superficial veins

Question 35

ultrasound appearance of Cooper's ligaments

Answer 35

highly echogenic

Question 36

_____ layer of the breast differs in appearance with age

Answer 36

mammary

Question 37

the subcutaneous and retromammary layers appear

Answer 37

hypoechoic

Question 38

6 layers of breast tissue

Answer 38

1. skin 2. premammary 3. mammary 4. retromammary 5. pectoral muscles 6. chest wall

Question 39

young breasts will have ____ tissue and _______ echogenic pattern

Answer 39

fibrous tissue and dense echogenic pattern

Question 40

pregnant or lactating breast will be _____ and _____ and have ____ echogenic interfaces

Answer 40

larger and denser less echogenic interfaces

Question 41

mature breasts are when

Answer 41

fatty tissue begins to replace glandular tissue

Question 42

post menopausal breasts have _____ and less _____

Answer 42

ducts atrophy and less fibrous tissue

Question 43

_____% of cancers are found through lumps felt during BSE

Answer 43

70%

Question 44

breast self exams (BSE) begin monthly at what age?

Answer 44

20 years old

Question 45

clinical breast exam (CBE) occur every ___ years for ages 20 to 39

Answer 45

every 3 years

Question 46

clinical breast exams are done annually for patients _____ years old

Answer 46

40+ years old

Question 47

benign mass characteristics (2)

Answer 47

some mobility and compressible

Question 48

malignant mass characteristics (3)

Answer 48

firmly fixed, non-compressible, and hypervascular

Question 49

when power doppler is on and the patient hums - normal tissue vibrates and lights up

Answer 49

fremitus

Question 50

best ultrasound transducer for breast

Answer 50

5 to 18MHz linear transducer

Question 51

what is the ideal thickness for a stand-off pad for a breast ultrasound?

Answer 51

1 cm

Question 52

4 things to include when labeling a breast mass

Answer 52

1. right or left 2. area - clock position, quadrant 3. how many cm from nipple 4. radial or antiradial, SAG or TRV

Question 53

radial, antiradial, SAG or TRV?

Answer 53

radial

Question 54

radial, antiradial, SAG or TRV

Answer 54

antiradial

Question 55

radial, antiradial, SAG or TRV

Answer 55

TRV

Question 56

radial, antiradial, SAG or TRV

Answer 56

SAG

Question 57

where are most breast tumors found?

Answer 57

upper, outer quadrants

Question 58

where do most breast tumors originate?

Answer 58

ducts