Pancreas A&P

Question 1

is the pancreas an intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

where is the pancreas located?

Answer 2

between the C-loop of the duodenum and splenic hilum

Question 3

normal size of a pancreas is

Answer 3

15 to 20 cm long

Question 4

T/F: the pancreas increases in size with age

Answer 4

FALSE, it decreases in size with age

Question 5

what are the 4 segments of the pancreas?

Answer 5

1. head
2. neck
3. body
4. tail

Question 6

the head is the most __________ part of the pancreas

Answer 6

inferior

Question 7

what is the uncinate process?

Answer 7

medial projection of the pancreatic head that lies immediately posterior to the SMV

Question 8

the ___ is just posterior to the pancreas neck

Answer 8

portal-splenic confluence

Question 9

the pancreatic body is anterior to the ______ and ______

Answer 9

SMA and AO

Question 10

the pancreatic tail is the most ________ portion

Answer 10

superior

Question 11

the pancreas tail is anterior to the _________

Answer 11

splenic vein

Question 12

what is the duct of wirsung?

Answer 12

the main duct of the pancreas

Question 13

diameter of the duct of wirsung is

Answer 13

2 to 3 mm

Question 14

the duct of wirsung meets the __________ at the pancreas head

Answer 14

CBD

Question 15

what is the duct of santorini?

Answer 15

accessory duct
branch of the main pancreatic duct

Question 16

T/F: the pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine gland

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

_________ cells make up 99% of pancreatic tissue and produce digestive enzymes

Answer 17

acinar

Question 18

enzyme that digests carbohydrates

Answer 18

amylase

Question 19

enzyme that digests fats

Answer 19

lipase

Question 20

enzyme that neutralizes stomach acid

Answer 20

sodium bicarbonate

Question 21

enzymes (3) that digest proteins

Answer 21

1. trypsin
2. chymotrypsin
3. carboxypolypeptidase

Question 22

________ secrete hormones from the pancreas

Answer 22

islets of langerhans

Question 23

alpha cells of the pancreas secrete

Answer 23

glucagon

Question 24

beta cells of the pancreas secrete

Answer 24

insulin

Question 25

delta cells of the pancreas secrete

Answer 25

somatostatin

Question 26

the ________ provides blood to the pancreas head

Answer 26

gastroduodenal artery (GDA)

Question 27

the ___ and ____ provide blood to the body and tail of the pancreas

Answer 27

splenic artery and SMA

Question 28

venous drainage of the pancreas consists of (4)

Answer 28

1. splenic vein 2. SMV 3. IMV 4. portal vein

Question 29

pancreatic tissue that surrounds the C-loop of the duodenum

Answer 29

annular pancreas

Question 30

abnormal fusion of the pancreatic ducts

Answer 30

pancreas divisum

Question 31

The most common congenital variant of the pancreas is _____

Answer 31

pancreas divisum

Question 32

patients with pancreas divisum have a shortened ______ and are prone to suffer from ______

Answer 32

duct of wirsung pancreatitis

Question 33

what is the best transducer to scan the pancreas?

Answer 33

2.5 to 5.0 MHz curved

Question 34

indications for a pancreas ultrasound (4)

Answer 34

1. epigastric pain 2. pancreatitis 3. jaundice (head tumor) 4. newly developed diabetes

Question 35

the pancreas is isoechoic to hyperechoic than the

Answer 35

liver

Question 36

the head of the pancreas is _____ to the IVC

Answer 36

anterior

Question 37

the head of the pancreas is ____ to the duodenum

Answer 37

medial

Question 38

CBD is _______ to the pancreatic head gastroduodenal artery is _____ to the pancreatic head

Answer 38

CBD is posterolateral gastroduodenal artery is anterolateral

Question 39

SMA and SMV are ___ to the pancreatic neck and ____ to the uncinate process

Answer 39

posterior to neck anterior to uncinate process

Question 40

the AO is ___ to the body of the pancreas

Answer 40

posterior

Question 41

celiac axis arises from the AO at the ____ border of the pancreas

Answer 41

superior

Question 42

SMA arises from the AO at the ____ border of the pancreas

Answer 42

inferior

Question 43

what vessel is the main landmark for the pancreas?

Answer 43

splenic vein

Question 44

the SMV is to the ___ of the SMA

Answer 44

right

Question 45

structures in contact with the pancreatic head (5)

Answer 45

IVC CBD ampulla of vater gastroduodenal artery C-loop of duodenum (2nd portion)

Question 46

the uncinate process is ____ to the SMA and SMV

Answer 46

posterior

Question 47

the splenic vein is ____ to the pancreas

Answer 47

posteroinferior

Question 48

the stomach is ____ to the pancreatic body and tail and ___ to the splenic hilum

Answer 48

anterior to the pancreatic body and tail anterior/medial to the splenic hilum

Question 49

tail of the pancreas is ___ to the stomach and ___ to the upper pole of the left kidney

Answer 49

posterior to stomach anterior to upper pole of the left kidney

Question 50

the splenic artery is ____ to the pancreas

Answer 50

superior/anterior