breast, axillae, lymphatics, thorax, lungs

Question 1

tail of spence

Answer 1

superior lateral corner that projects up and into the axilla

Question 2

Montgomery glands

Answer 2

small elevated sebaceous glands
secrete protective lipid material during lactation

Question 3

the breast is composed of

Answer 3

glandular tissue
fibrous connective tissue and suspensory ligaments
adipose tissue

Question 4

coopers ligaments

Answer 4

fibrous connective breast ligaments attaching to chest wall

Question 5

mastalgia

Answer 5

pain or tenderness of the breasts

Question 6

lump questions

Answer 6

evaluate time of ID
any changes

Question 7

galactorrhea

Answer 7

clear nipple discharge may be associated with meds

Question 8

lumpectomy

Answer 8

localized tissue removal

Question 9

mastectomy

Answer 9

complete removal of entire breast tissue

Question 10

risk factors for breast cancer

Answer 10

BRCA gene
family history

Question 11

gynecomastia

Answer 11

enlargement of mammary tissue
- Cushings syndrome
- liver cirrhosis
- hyperthyroidism

Question 12

Breast cancer in MALES

Answer 12

fixed area, hard, nontender, irregular
- NIPPLE DISCHARGE is a significant warning

Question 13

suprasternal notch

Answer 13

U shaped depression just above sternum, between clavicles

Question 14

sternum

Answer 14

breastbone
- manubrium body & Xiphoid process

Question 15

Sternal angle

Answer 15

“angle of Louis”
at the articulation of the manubrium and sternum
- continuous with second rib

Question 16

costal angle

Answer 16

R/L costal margins form an angle where they meet @ Xiphoid process

Question 17

vertebra prominens

Answer 17

flex your head and feel for the most prominent bone protruding at the base of the neck

Question 18

spinous process

Answer 18

knobs on the spinal column

Question 19

12th rib

Answer 19

midway between spine and person side

Question 20

4 major functions of the respiratory system

Answer 20

• supply O2 to the body for energy production
• remove CO2 as a waste product
• maintain homeostasis (acid base balance) of arterial blood
• maintaining heat exchange

Question 21

hypercapnia

Answer 21

increased levels of CO2

Question 22

Hypoxemia

Answer 22

decrease in O2 levels

Question 23

what is the second most diagnosed cancer in humans?

Answer 23

lung cancer

Question 24

yellow/green sputum

Answer 24

Bacterial infection

Question 25

white/ clear sputum

Answer 25

viral infections, bronchitis, colds

Question 26

rust color sputum

Answer 26

Pneumonia or TB

Question 27

frothy pink sputum

Answer 27

pulmonary edema

Question 28

Who would you see barrel chest and accessory muscle use in?

Answer 28

COPD

Question 29

cyanosis is a LATE sign of ?

Answer 29

Hypoxia

Question 30

Tactile fremitus

Answer 30

vibration on palpation "99"

Question 31

increased fremitus could mean

Answer 31

consolidation - pneumonia

Question 32

decreased fremitus could mean

Answer 32

obstruction -PE, hemo/pneumothorax

Question 33

Resonance

Answer 33

clear low pitch hollow sound

Question 34

hyperresonance

Answer 34

booming sound - emphysema/ pneumothorax

Question 35

dull

Answer 35

muffled soft thud

Question 36

Bronchial sounds

Answer 36

over the trachea/larynx, high pitch, loud, expiration, harsh, hallow, tubular,

Question 37

Bronchovesicular sounds

Answer 37

Over major bronchi, moderate pitch, insp=expir, moderate amplitude, mixed quality

Question 38

Vesicular sounds

Answer 38

peripheral lung fields, low pitch, soft, rustling

Question 39

Adventitious sounds characterized by

Answer 39

inspiration/ expiration loudness pitch anatomical location

Question 40

fine crackles

Answer 40

high pitch, short, discontinuous, popping sounds - inspiration

Question 41

fine crackles associated with

Answer 41

pneumonia/ HF

Question 42

coarse crackles are associated with

Answer 42

advanced lung disease, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 43

coarse crackles

Answer 43

low pitch , bubbling/ gurgling

Question 44

Wheeze

Answer 44

high pitch, squeaking sound, usually expiration,

Question 45

wheeze associated with

Answer 45

asthma, COPD, obstruction, emphysema

Question 46

Ronchi

Answer 46

low pitch, monomorphic, moaning sound, secretions in large airways , both insp/ exp - bronchitis

Question 47

Stridor

Answer 47

Life-threatening upper airway, high pitched, CROWING

Question 48

Cheyne- stokes respirations

Answer 48

abnormal breathing with periods of apnea, gradually slow breathing

Question 49

discontinuous lung sounds

Answer 49

crackles pleural friction rub

Question 50

continuous lung sounds

Answer 50

wheeze Ronchi stridor