Skin, hair, and nails

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

Avascular

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

inner
made up of collagen

Question 3

Subcutaneous tissue

Answer 3

Adipose
thermo-regulation and protection

Question 4

vellus hair

Answer 4

covers the majority of the body
fine/ faint

Question 5

Terminal hair

Answer 5

thick hair covering scalp/ eyebrows

Question 6

Sebaceous glands

Answer 6

assist in prevention of water loss from skin

Question 7

Sweat glands

Answer 7

Eccrine & Apocrine

Question 8

Eccrine sweat gland

Answer 8

sweat/ dilute saline

Question 9

Apocrine sweat gland

Answer 9

body odor, secrete fluid & open at hair follicle

Question 10

Nails

Answer 10

plates of keratin
- longitudinal ridges
- pink bc of vascular epithelium below

Question 11

Lunula

Answer 11

white semi-lunar, opaque area of proximal aspect of the nail

Question 12

Cuticle

Answer 12

covering of the nail matrix

Question 13

skin function

Answer 13

protection
sensation
thermo reg
absorption

Question 14

Skin tear

Answer 14

superficial

Question 15

Laceration

Answer 15

deep, requires stitches

Question 16

Senile Purpura

Answer 16

so-called areas of dark red discoloration
associated with minor trauma in the elderly

Question 17

Older adults skin related changes

Answer 17

decreased:
elasticity
hydration
secretions
thermo reg

Question 18

what SPF to prevent skin cancer?

Answer 18

30

Question 19

Pruritis

Answer 19

itching

Question 20

Alopecia

Answer 20

impressive amount of hair loss
- genetics
- meds

Question 21

Hirsutism

Answer 21

excessive hair
- PCOS
- Tumors

Question 22

Jaundice

Answer 22

yellow skin & sclera appearance

Question 23

jaundice is caused by ..

Answer 23

bilirubin build up

Question 24

pathologic causes of jaundice

Answer 24

hepatic disease: cirrhosis, hepatitis

Question 25

jaundice is a normal finding in...

Answer 25

new borns

Question 26

Normal nevus appearance

Answer 26

tan- brown larger than back of a pencil eraser cap

Question 27

ABCDEF !!!

Answer 27

Asymmetry Boarder irregularity Color variation Diameter (6mm +) Elevation Funny looking

Question 28

Duckling sign

Answer 28

sign for melanoma - most regular moles all look similar to one another melanoma is the "ugly duckling"

Question 29

Raynaud's syndrome

Answer 29

hyperthermia associated with hyperthyroidism

Question 30

Diaphoresis

Answer 30

Excessive sweating - cool/ clammy

Question 31

what is diaphoresis associated with

Answer 31

pain anxiety MI

Question 32

Anasarca

Answer 32

Generalized edema/ swelling

Question 33

Scleroderma

Answer 33

"hard skin" associated with chronic connective tissue disorder

Question 34

Cherry angiomas

Answer 34

bright red colored dots slightly raised and smooth - normal finding age 30+

Question 35

Contusion

Answer 35

bruise

Question 36

Papule

Answer 36

lesion that can be felt superficial/ thick Wart/ Verruca

Question 37

Patch

Answer 37

macule within 1cm+ - vitiligo

Question 38

Macule

Answer 38

flat circumscribed less than 1cm strictly a color change

Question 39

Nodule

Answer 39

greater than 1cm +, solid elevated. Extend deeper. Xanthoma

Question 40

Wheal

Answer 40

irregularly shaped, edema, superficial, transparent, red and raised -mosquito bite

Question 41

Plaque

Answer 41

papule with a surface elevation greater than 1 cm+ in width - psoriasis

Question 42

Tumor

Answer 42

a few cm+, soft or form, benign or malignant

Question 43

Urticaria

Answer 43

hives, pruritic reaction. Wheals coming together

Question 44

Bulla

Answer 44

cavity of free fluid 1cm+ rupture with ease - Burn/ contact dermatitis

Question 45

Vesicle

Answer 45

cavity of free fluid up to 1 cm or less - blister

Question 46

Cyst

Answer 46

fluid-filled cavity enclosed capsule within dermis or Sub Q

Question 47

Pustule

Answer 47

cavity containing pus that is elevated and circumscribed

Question 48

pus

Answer 48

turbid fluid

Question 49

Secondary lesions

Answer 49

evolution of primary lesions over a period of time with a resultant change

Question 50

Ulcer

Answer 50

depression, irregular in shape. potential bleeding and can leave a scar

Question 51

Keloid

Answer 51

excess scar tissue outside original injury cite

Question 52

Excoriation

Answer 52

superficial abrasion - scratch from impressive amount of itching - insect bite

Question 53

Scar

Answer 53

repaired skin lesion with loss of normal tissue and collagen replacement

Question 54

How many stages of pressure injures are there?

Answer 54

5

Question 55

stage 1 pressure injury

Answer 55

non- blanchable erythema - skin intact

Question 56

stage 2 pressure injury

Answer 56

partial- thickness, skin loss - no visible fat/ deep tissue

Question 57

stage 3 pressure injury

Answer 57

full-thickness, skin loss - in sub Q, fat/ granulation exposed

Question 58

stage 4 pressure injury

Answer 58

full-thickness skin/ tissue loss - slough - eschar - tunneling - all skin layers involved

Question 59

stage 5 pressure injury

Answer 59

unstageable

Question 60

Profile sign

Answer 60

Nail clubbing - congenital heart disease, pulmonary patho, lung cancer

Question 61

capillary refill

Answer 61

good: brisk 1-2 sec bad: sluggish 3+ seconds

Question 62

Lentigines (senile)

Answer 62

"liver spots" older adults not malignant needs no treatment

Question 63

Keratoses

Answer 63

raises areas of pigmentation that appear crusty, scaly, or so-called warty

Question 64

Seborrheic keratosis

Answer 64

"stuck on" appearance NOT associated with cancer

Question 65

Actinic keratosis

Answer 65

reptile-like, red/tan & scaley -plaques , elevated with rough edges

Question 66

what is actinic keratosis associated with

Answer 66

sun exposure Pre- malignant --> squamous cell carcinoma

Question 67

Skin tags/ acrochordons

Answer 67

normal skin overgrowth polyp like