Breast- Inflammatory D/O Flashcards
(39 cards)
Inflammatory Disorders
- Acute Mastitis
- Periductual Mastitis
- Mammary Duct Ectasia
- Fat Necrosis
- Lymphocytic Mastopathy (sclerosing Lymphocytic Lobulitis
- Granulomatous Mastitis
________________ of the breast are uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of women with
breast symptoms.
Inflammatory diseases
What is the usual presentation of breast inflammation? _______________
erythematous swollen painful breast.
- *“Inflammatory breast cancer” mimics inflammation** by __________________ and should always be suspected in a
- *nonlactating woman** with the clinical appearance of mastitis.
obstructing dermal vasculature with tumor emboli,
resulting in an enlarged erythematous breast,
ACUTE MASTITIS
Almost all cases of acute mastitis occur during the ______________
first month of breastfeeding.
What is the reason behind why Acute Mastitis occur during the first month of breastfeeding?
During this time the breast is** vulnerable to bacterial infection because of the development of cracks** and
**fissures in the nipples. **
From this portal of entry, **Staphylococcus aureus or, less commonly, streptococci invade the breast tissue. **
The breast is erythematous and painful, and fever is
often present. At the outsetonly one duct system or sector of the breast is involved.
If not treated the infection may spread to the entire breast.
What is the morphology of Acute Mastitis caused by Staphylococcal infection?
Morphology.
Staphylococcal infections usually produce a localized area of acute
inflammationthatmay progress to the formation of single or multiple abscesses.
What is the morphological difference of Acute Mastitis caused by Streptococcal infection?
Streptococcal infections tend to cause (as elsewhere) a diffuse spreading infection that eventually involves the entire breast. The involved breast tissue is infiltrated by neutrophils
and may be necrotic.
Most cases of lactational mastitis are easily treated with _______________________________________
- appropriate antibiotics
- and continued expression of milk from the breast.
Rarely, surgical drainage is required.
PERIDUCTAL MASTITIS
This condition is known by a variety of names, including recurrent _________________
- subareolar abscess,
- squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts,
- and Zuska disease.
What is the presentation of men and women periductal mastitis?
Women, and sometimes men,
present with a painful erythematous subareolar mass that clinically appears to be an infectious
process.
In periductal mastitis, more than 90% of the afflicted are ____________
smokers
Periductal Mastitis is a condition is not associated with
_______________
- lactation,
- a specific reproductive history,
- or age
In Periductal Mastitis in recurrent cases, a fistula tract often tunnels under the smooth muscle of the nipple and opens onto the skin at the edge of the areola.
Many women with this condition have an____________ most likely as a secondary effect of the
underlying inflammation.
inverted nipple,
in Periductal Mastitis ,the strong association with cigarette smoking is intriguing. It has been suggested that the _______________alter the differentiation of the ductal epithelium
vitamin A deficiency associated with smoking or toxic substances in tobacco smoke
What is the key histologic feature of Periductal Mastitis?
keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the nipple
ducts ( Fig. 23-5 ).
Keratin shed from these cells plugs the ductal system, causing dilation and eventually rupture of the duct.
An intense chronic and granulomatous inflammatory response
develops once keratin spills into the surrounding periductal tissue. Sometimes a secondary bacterial infection supervenes and causes acute inflammation.
Recurrent subareolar abscess.
When squamous metaplasia extends deep
into a nipple duct, keratin becomes trapped and accumulates. If the duct ruptures, the
ensuing intense inflammatory response to keratin results in an erythematous painful mass.
A fistula tract may burrow beneath the smooth muscle of the nipple to open at the edge of
the areola.
What is the treatment of Periductal Mastitis?
In most cases en bloc surgical removal of the involved duct and contiguous fistula tract is
curative. [7
] Simple incision drains the abscess cavity, but the offending keratinizing epithelium
remains and recurrences are common.
When bacterial infection is present, antibiotics also have
a therapeutic role.
This disorder tends to occur in the fifth or sixth decade of life, usually in multiparous women.
Unlike periductal mastitis, it is not associated with cigarette smoking.
MAMMARY DUCT ECTASIA
What is the presentation of mammary duct ectasia?
Patients present with a
poorly defined palpable periareolar mass that is often associated with thick, white nipple
secretionsand sometimes withskin retraction.
Pain and erythema are uncommon.
What is the morpholigical characteristic of Mammary Duct Ectasia?
This lesion is characterized
- chiefly by dilation of ducts,
- inspissation of breast secretions,
- and a marked periductal and interstitial chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction ( Fig. 23-6 ).
What is filled in the dilated ductal ectasia?
The dilated ducts are filled by:
granular debris that contains numerous_ lipid-laden macrophages.**** _
What is contained in the periductal and interductal tissue
of Mammary Ductal Ectasia?
contains dense infiltrates of
lymphocytes and macrophages, and variable numbers of plasma cells
VOCABULARY :
Ectasia means?
Ectasia (meaning “dilation” or “distention of a tubular structure”)[1] occurs as part of a pathophysiologicalprocess.
In Mammary Ductal Ectasia on occasion,
granulomatous inflammation forms around cholesterol deposits. _______ may eventually produce skin and nipple retraction.
Squamous metaplasia of nipple ducts is absent
Fibrosis
