Breathing and respiration Flashcards
(14 cards)
what are the functions of the gas exchange system?
Gas exchange allows oxygen to travel into your cells for respiration whilst also removing carbon dioxide, which is a waste substance made by the process of respiration.
how is the structure of lungs adapted for their function?
The alveoli are adapted to have a very large surface area to enable more diffusion of oxygen into the blood from the alveoli, and more carbon dioxide out of the blood into the alveoli.
what is the difference between breathing and respiration?
Respiration is a chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose, while as breathing is the movement of gases into and out from the lungs.
how does inhalation result in air entering our lungs
When inhaling, the diaphragm muscle contacts and moves downwards. The intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs upwards and outwards. This increases the volume of the lungs, which decreases the pressure and so air moves into the lungs to equalize it.
how does exhalation result in air exiting our lungs?
When exhaling, the diaphragm muscle relaxes and moves upwards, and the intercostal muscles relax and move downwards and inwards. This reduces the volume of the lungs, which increases the pressure and so air moves out of the lungs to equalize it.
how does oxygen and glucose reach respiring cells and how are waste products removed?
Capillaries are the tiny blood vessels that branch out into every tissue in your body carrying substances your cells need like oxygen and glucose for respiration, and for removing waste products like carbon dioxide. They have very thin walls to allow these substances to move by diffusion.
what are the consequences of not having enough oxygen in the body?
giddiness, mental confusion, loss of judgment, loss of coordination, weakness, nausea, fainting, loss of consciousness, and death
what are the effects of exercise on breathing and heart rate?
Exercising causes increases in breathing rate and heart rate as cells need more oxygen for cellular respiration.
what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen + Glucose → Carbon dioxide + Water (+ Energy)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose → Lactic acid (+ Energy)
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Glucose → Carbon dioxide + Ethanol
what are the effects of anaerobic respiration during and after exercise?
During exercise, lactic acid builds up in muscles causing pain and tiredness, which can lead to cramp. After you finish the exercise you continue to breathe deeply and quickly for a short period, this is called oxygen debt.
What is a test for carbon dioxide?
A test for carbon dioxide is to bubble the gas through limewater, and if the gas is carbon dioxide then the limewater will change from colorless to milky.
how does gas exchange occur in a leaf?
carbon dioxide moves from the air into the leaf by diffusing through small pores called stomata. At the same time, oxygen moves out of the leaf through the stomata.
