Breeding Management and Artificial Insemination (AI) Flashcards
The deliberate introduction of sperm into a female’s reproductive tract for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy by means other than copulation
Artificial Insemination
What type of breeding management is the following describing:
- Owner/producer responsible for heat detection
- When observed expose female to male for breeding at the appropriate time
- Teasing to male – mares
- Mounting behavior – cows
- Bloody vulvar discharge, swelling, flagging – dogs
- Backtest - sows
Simple Breeding Management
When to breed - Mares
- Follicular development determined via serial ultrasound exam
- Follicular size > 35 mm
- Strong uterine edema
- Relaxed cervix
- Natural ovulation vs. ovulation induction with hormones (hcg/GnRH)
- Mares inseminated BEFORE ovulation
- Checked to confirm ovulation 48 hours later
(T/F) We rely very heavily on ultrasound for breeding horses
True
- Sperm is frozen in liquid nitrogen
- Can be stored indefinitely
- Limited lifespan once thawed (12- 24hrs)
- Requires more precise timing of insemination
- More expensive to ship/store
Frozen Semen
- Semen is cooled to refrigeration temperature and shipped as a liquid
- Can be stored for up to 48 hrs
- Longer lifespan (48-72 hrs) in female
- Has to be sent with overnight shipping
Cooled Semen
Breeding Management - Cows
- Heat detection very important
- AM/PM rule – When heat observed in morning, breed that evening
- Timed AI – Breeding at a set time post hormonal ovulation induction
- Can get very complex! – “Sync” protocols
- Large dominant follicle on the ovary
- Tightly coiled uterus on palpation
- Uterine mucus
(T/F) For bovine AI it is exclusively frozen semen
True
Breeding Management - Bitch
- Canine sperm cells -> viable for many days (up to 7 days)
- Dogs of normal fertility -> one or more matings during estrus should result in pregnancy
- However, ovulation may occur 7 to 26 days from the onset of proestrus
What can we do to determine the best time of breeding on a Bitch?
Vaginal Cytology
What are the 4 types of cells you can see in the Vaginal Cytology of a Bitch?
- Parabasal (spayed bitch)
- Intermediate
- Superficial
- Anucleate
(T/F) When you see neutrophils in a bitch in diestrus that is indication of infection
False
- Steroid hormone
- Produced by corpus luteum (CL)
- Rises prior to ovulation
- Predict LH surge and ovulation
Progesterone (P4)
(T/F) The benefit of using frozen semen over cooled shipped semen is a higher fertility rate
False
- Equine sperm cannot penetrate the egg in vitro
- Single sperm injected into the oocyte - Bypass many physiological steps
- Sperm transport
- Capacitation
- Binding to ZP
- Acrosome reaction
- Penetration of ZP and oolemma
Equine ICSI
