Pregnancy Diagnostics

Question 1

For horses, the first ______ days are going to be hormonally very similar between pregnant and non-pregnant mares

Answer 1

14

Question 2

What is the gestation length of a mare?

Answer 2

335-340 days, can go up to 360 days (depending on breed, season)

Question 3

Horses:
The first 14 days is the period of __________ when CL is creating progesterone in that beginning part of the cycle

Answer 3

diestrus

Question 4

In practice, pregnancy diagnosis in a mare is on day _____ after ovulation

Answer 4

14

Question 5

Mares:
The endometrial cups begins to form in day ______

Answer 5

35

Question 6

Endometrial cups secrete:

Answer 6

eCG

Question 7

Endometrial cups don’t secrete progesterone, but rather secrets _____ and _______ -like hormone that causes the formation of something known as a _______________ CL

Answer 7

FSH
LH
Secondary

Question 8

When do the endometrial cups regress?

Answer 8

day 120 to 150

Question 9

Mares need at least _______ ng/ml of progesterone to maintain their pregnancy

Answer 9

4

Question 10

Info. Slide

Answer 10

Placental Progestins
- Important to maintain pregnancy from mid-gestation until term
- can remove ovaries after Day 120
- Primarily 5 alpha-pregnanes
- Cross-react with most P4 assays

Question 11

Fixation in the mare happens at day _____

Answer 11

16

Question 12

If you do a rectal palpation in a mare before Day 25, what will you feel?

Answer 12

increased tone, closed cervix

Question 13

If you do a rectal palpation in a mare after Day 25, what will you feel?

Answer 13

asymmetry of horns, vesicle palpable as growing bulge in the base of horn

Question 14

On day _____ and on we can start to see a fetal heartbeat

Answer 14

25

Question 15

Day _____ is our last day to terminate pregnancy before endometrial cup formation

Answer 15

35

Question 16

First fetal sexing is done on what day?

Answer 16

Day 50-60

Question 17

Formation of supplementary (accessory) corpora lutea in the mare is induced by:

Answer 17

equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)

Question 18

Bovine pregnancy lasts about ________ days

Answer 18

280

Question 19

The bovine pregnancy is maintained by the ______ at first and then the placenta takes over about halfway through gestation

Answer 19

CL

Question 20

List the methods of bovine pregnancy diagnosis:

Answer 20

• Palpation
• Ultrasound
• Blood testing (Biopryn)

Question 21

What are the Four key positive signs of pregnancy in the Bovine?

Answer 21

1. Membrane slip - Before 42 days
2. Presence of an amniotic vesicle
3. Identification of Placentomes (>75)
4. Presence of an embryo/fetus

Question 22

(T/F) The presence of fluid within the bovine uterus is a positive sign of pregnancy

Answer 22

False

Question 23

In a bovine pregnancy, transrectal ultrasound is going to be done around _______ days

Answer 23

30-35

Question 24

What are some pros of using Transrectal Ultrasound in bovine pregnancy?

Answer 24

• Fetal viability
• Fetal number
• Gestational age
• Fetal sexing

Question 25

In a bovine pregnancy, we can see the fetus in the day:

Answer 25

60

Question 26

A blood test that is used to determine if an animal is pregnant

Answer 26

Biopryn Testing

Question 27

What would you NOT be able to palpate in a 35 day bovine pregnancy?

Answer 27

Placentomes

Question 28

- Blood test for "pregnancy-specific protein B" - PSP-B produced by the placenta - Sample taken after 28 days of gestation

Answer 28

Biopryn Testing

Question 29

The __________ is the most reliable indicator for Canine Gestation length (65 days)

Answer 29

LH surge

Question 30

What else can we also use to predict the gestational length in canines?

Answer 30

Ovulation

Question 31

If we have done _________________ and have a cytologic diestrus, it is 57 days from that time point

Answer 31

vaginal cytology

Question 32

Canine Gestation Length __________ days from single breeding

Answer 32

55-68

Question 33

- Larger litters will have a ___________ gestational length - Small litters will have a __________ gestational length

Answer 33

- shorter - longer

Question 34

In regards to the physiology of canine pregnancy, the dog only relies on _________________ to support their pregnancy

Answer 34

progesterone (CL-dependent pregnancy)

Question 35

The progesterone in a canine pregnancy has to be greater than _____ ng/ml to maintain pregnancy

Answer 35

2

Question 36

the steroid hormone that is responsible for quieting the uterus, closing the cervix, and creating an environment that is suitable for canine pregnancy

Answer 36

progesterone

Question 37

What is the most common pregnancy diagnosis in the dog?

Answer 37

ultrasound exam - earliest and most reliable method and this can be done as early as 20 days post LH

Question 38

What is the traditional method of pregnancy diagnosis in a bitch?

Answer 38

Abdominal Palpation

Question 39

__________ days post-breeding a dog, you can palpate caudally by the cervix

Answer 39

24-35

Question 40

(T/F) Feline palpation is extremely accurate because of how soft their abdomen is and how readily the kitten are able to be palpated once they have ossified

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Canine Pregnancy Secondary hormone, that starts to be released from the placentas right around 30 days after ovulation

Answer 41

Relaxin

Question 42

- 30 days of gestation or later - May be negative with singleton litter - Rapid cage side test - Repeat negatives 1 week later

Answer 42

Serum Relaxin

Question 43

Radiographs Fetal ossification occurs at day __________ of gestation

Answer 43

45

Question 44

What is the earliest that canine fetuses can be seen on a radiograph?

Answer 44

45 days