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A Level History > BRITAIN Breadth 1- Redistribution of seats > Flashcards

BRITAIN Breadth 1- Redistribution of seats Flashcards

1
Q

How many parliamentary seats were there in England, Scotland and Wales in 1780?

A

558

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2
Q

How many parliamentary seats were there in the UK in 1800?

A

658

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3
Q

What legislation abolished the Irish parliament?

A

Act of Union of 1800

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4
Q

How many county seats were there before the 1832 RPA?

A

122

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5
Q

Which borough was notorious for buying and selling votes?

A

Suffolk town of Sudbury

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6
Q

How many MPs did Cornwall return before the 1832 RPA?

A

44

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7
Q

How many Scottish MPs were there in 1780?

A

45

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8
Q

When did Pitt become PM?

A

December 1783

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9
Q

When was the Yorkshire Association founded?

A

1780

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10
Q

Who founded the Yorkshire Association?

A

Christopher Wyvill

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11
Q

What was the aim of the Yorkshire Association?

A

To eliminate corruption in parliament

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12
Q

When did Pitt make unsuccessful proposals to reform parliament?

A

1782; May 1783; April 1785

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13
Q

What did Pitt propose in April 1785?

A

Abolition of 36 corrupt boroughs; transfer of their seats to London/counties

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14
Q

What did Pitt propose in May 1783?

A

Vague suggestion to disenfranchise a number of corrupt boroughs and transfer their seats

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15
Q

Why was Pitt’s April 1785 proposal such a failure?

A

George III was openly hostile to measure; no groundswell of opinion in the country as a whole for reform

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16
Q

Who was Pitt’s chief opponent in the HoC?

A

Fox

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17
Q

What had Fox long supported?

A

Reform

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18
Q

Why did Fox oppose Pitt’s April 1785 proposal?

A

Refused to accept Pitt’s suggestion that £1 million should be made available to compensate owners of seats

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19
Q

How did Pitt’s April 1785 bill fare in the HoC?

A

Defeated by 248 votes to 174

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20
Q

Why did Pitt not take up the issue of reform again after the April 1785 bill?

A

French Revolution; explosive growth in radical activity and ideas

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21
Q

When did Grey introduce a reform proposal that was almost identical to Pitt’s in 1785 and opposed by the latter?

A

1792

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22
Q

When had Pitt the Elder proposed some measures of reform?

A

1750-60s

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23
Q

When were issues about widespread corruption in the boroughs brought into sharp relief?

A

With controversy over Catholic relief in the late 1820s

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24
Q

When was Peel elected as MP for Oxford University?

A

1817

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25
Q

What led to Peel resigning his seat for Oxford University and forcing a by-election?

A

His support of Catholic Relief

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26
Q

When did Peel resign his seat for Oxford University?

A

January 1829

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27
Q

Why did Peel force a by-election for his seat for Oxford University?

A

In an attempt to regain support of the university’s electors

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28
Q

When was Peel defeated in the Oxford University by-elections?

A

February 1829

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29
Q

How did Peel regain parliamentary influence after the disaster at Oxford University?

A

Sir Manasseh Lopes of Westbury in Wiltshire resigned his seat; towns’ 3 electors awarded seat to Peel

30
Q

When did PM, Earl Grey, order a comprehensive review of the whole electoral system that would inform the government’s proposals in the reform bill?

A

1830

31
Q

How many English towns had a population of over 10,000 people but returned no MPs in 1830?

A

33

32
Q

How many new borough seats were created as a result of the 1832 RPA?

A

44

33
Q

How many new county seats were created as a result of the 1832 RPA?

A

65

34
Q

How many boroughs lost both of their MPs as a result of the 1832 RPA?

A

56

35
Q

How many boroughs lost one of their MPs as a result of the 1832 RPA?

A

30

36
Q

What is an example of the lack of uniformity in the boroughs that persisted after the 1832 RPA?

A

Lancashire had an electorate of 1,497; Reigate had just 153- both returned 1 MP

37
Q

Which seat did Peel leave Westbury for in 1830?

A

Tamworth in Staffordshire

38
Q

Which larger towns still didn’t have any representation after the 1832 RPA?

A

Yorkshire; Warwickshire

39
Q

Which organisation began to campaign for measures to remedy the imbalance in the distribution of seats as well as universal suffrage in the mid-1860s?

A

Reform League

40
Q

What was the imbalance in the distribution of seats before 1867?

A

334 borough MPs represented a total 9.5 million; 11.5 million people in counties had 162 MPs

41
Q

How many constituencies were created as a result of the 1867 RPA?

A

11

42
Q

How many extra seats were the English and Welsh counties allocated as a result of the 1867 RPA?

A

25

43
Q

How many new seats was Scotland given as a result of the 1867 RPA?

A

5 and 3 new university seats

44
Q

How were boroughs with a population below 10,000 affected by the 1867 RPA?

A

Lost one or both of their MPs

45
Q

Which large towns were assigned 3 MPs rather than their previous 2 as a result of the 1867 RPA?

A

Liverpool; Manchester; Leeds; Birmingham

46
Q

What suggested that Disraeli had miscalculated the effects of the 1867 redistribution on the Conservative Party?

A

1868 election

47
Q

How did the Conservatives fare in the 1868 election?

A

Lost 8 seats- Gladstone’s Liberals stormed to power with a substantial majority

48
Q

Why did the 1867 RPA have such an important effect on the counties?

A

New 25 seats strengthened landed interest; creation of new borough seats meant that their electorates wouldn’t be voting in counties, where they might challenge the nobility

49
Q

When was the Ballot Act?

A

1872

50
Q

What was different about the Ballot Act from most of the other reform legislation passed?

A

It wasn’t controversial

51
Q

Where was the most important short-term effect of the Ballot Act seen?

A

Irish Home Rule movement grew dramatically over next 20 years

52
Q

How effective was the Ballot Act?

A

While it may have ended some of the worst forms of malpractice, its initial effects weren’t clear

53
Q

When was the Corrupt Practices Act?

A

1883

54
Q

When was Gladstone’s 2nd ministry?

A

1880-85

55
Q

What led to the Corrupt Practices Act?

A

MPs were scandalised by widespread bribery and corruption that had taken place during 1880 election

56
Q

When was Sudbury disenfranchised for corruption?

A

1844

57
Q

What did the Corrupt Practices Act do?

A

Set stringent limits on campaign expenses; candidates and their agents were required to keep detailed records of expenditure

58
Q

What was the impact of the Corrupt Practices Act?

A

Finally brought end to culture of electoral corruption

59
Q

What were the stringent limits put on campaign expenses in England and Wales as a result of the Corrupt Practices Act?

A

Candidates could spend no more than £710 for first 2,000 votes and £40 for each additional 1,000 voters

60
Q

When was the Redistribution Act?

A

1885

61
Q

Why was it a surprise that the Marquess of Salisbury pushed for the Redistribution Act?

A

Resigned from Derby’s cabinet in 1867 in opposition to Disraeli’s proposed reforms

62
Q

What changed the Marquess of Salisbury’s mind about reform?

A

Conservative victory in 1874 convinced him that the extension of the franchise hadn’t damaged Tory Party

63
Q

Which group was only of limited value to the Conservatives in reality?

A

Suburbans

64
Q

What kind of redistribution of seats did the Arlington Street Compact favour?

A

Equal electoral districts

65
Q

How many MPs sat in multi-member constituencies in 1885?

A

70%

66
Q

When were boundary commissioners appointed to determine the new electoral geography?

A

1884

67
Q

What did the Redistribution Act do?

A

28 boroughs with populations of over 50,000 remained as two-member constituencies; in all other cases single-member seats were established

68
Q

When did MPs drawn from industry and commerce outnumber those related to the aristocracy for the first time?

A

General election of 1885

69
Q

What provided the biggest single boost to the Conservative Party throughout the period?

A

Redistribution Act 1885

70
Q

Why did Salisbury push for single-member constituencies?

A

Believed that it would provide significant electoral benefits for the Tories

71
Q

When was the Easter Rising in Ireland?

A

1916

72
Q

What was the redistribution of seats like with the 1918 RPA?

A

Some major towns and cities gained seats- limited growth of urban influence in the counties

A Level History (34 decks)

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