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A Level History > BRITAIN Breadth 2 PART 2 > Flashcards

BRITAIN Breadth 2 PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What confirmed that the Liberals had been overtaken by Labour as the main opposition of the Conservatives?

A

Elections of 1923/1924

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2
Q

When was the Carlton Club formed?

A

1832

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3
Q

What did the Carlton Club function as?

A

Social club for Tory MPs rather than as a central hub for organising the party in parliament and the country

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4
Q

Who expanded the Carlton Club’s role to forge links between the national party and constituencies in the country?

A

Peel

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5
Q

Who was appointed to reorganise the Conservative Party nationally during its re-brand?

A

F.R. Bonham

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6
Q

Why did party organisation become more important after the 1832 RPA?

A

Constituencies were required to create an electoral register containing the names of everyone who possessed property qualifications needed to vote

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7
Q

When was the Reform Club founded?

A

1836

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8
Q

Which party was the Reform Club associated with?

A

Whigs

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9
Q

When did the importance of party organisation become very clear?

A

By late 1830s

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10
Q

How many general elections were there between 1832-41?

A

4

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11
Q

Which was the first election fought by two clearly defined political parties?

A

1841

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12
Q

When was the first election in which the role of the monarch was insignificant?

A

1841

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13
Q

Who won the 1841 election?

A

Well-organised Conservative Party with an overall majority of 76

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14
Q

What took party organisation to a new level?

A

Birmingham Caucus

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15
Q

Who was one of the chief organisers of the Birmingham Caucus system?

A

Joseph Chamberlain

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16
Q

What proved the success of the Birmingham Caucus system?

A

Birmingham was represented by 3 Liberal MPs for many years

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17
Q

When was the National Liberal Federation (NLF) formed?

A

1877

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18
Q

What helped persuade Asquith to consider female suffrage at the Speaker’s Conference in 1916?

A

NLF’s pressure

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19
Q

When was the NUCCA founded?

A

1867

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20
Q

Who did Disraeli entrust with party reorganisation after his loss in the 1968 election?

A

J.E. Gorst

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21
Q

Why was Gorst significant?

A

Established the Central Office; recognised importance of new urban electorate; supported creation of Conservative clubs as social centres, especially for working men

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22
Q

What did the Central Office do?

A

Oversaw the selection of candidates for election

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23
Q

Which party first won over women to its cause?

A

Conservatives

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24
Q

When did Disraeli die?

A

1881

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25
Q

Which organisation was formed in memory of Disraeli?

A

Primrose League

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26
Q

When was the Primrose League formed?

A

1884

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27
Q

How did the membership of the Primrose League change?

A

Grew from 957 members in 1884 to 2 million in 1910

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28
Q

How many Primrose League members were women?

A

1/2

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29
Q

When did the Primrose League flourish?

A

Until WW1

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30
Q

What decreased the importance of the Primrose League?

A

Granting of female suffrage; opening of Conservative membership to men and women

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31
Q

Where did Conservative and Liberal working men’s associations succeed post-1867?

A

Factory towns in Yorkshire and Lancashire

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32
Q

Which working men’s associations were most popular post-1867?

A

Conservative clubs

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33
Q

When had many middle-class Liberals switched to the Conservatives?

A

During Gladstone’s long tenure of the premiership

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34
Q

Why did many middle-class Liberals switch to the Conservatives?

A

Alarmed by growing radicalism of party and Gladstone’s attempts to tackle the Irish question

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35
Q

Why did the Conservative Party fare better than the Liberals?

A

More effective organisation

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36
Q

What helped to secure the Liberal Party’s landslide victory in the 1906 election?

A

Operated very successful party machine post-1900; forged links with the LRC

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37
Q

Post-1900, when were there growing divisions within the Liberals?

A

1910

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38
Q

How did the Liberals split in 1916?

A

Between supporters of Asquith and Lloyd George

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39
Q

When did many Liberal supporters switch their allegiance to the growing Labour Party?

A

After 1918

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40
Q

When did the Liberals have the same substantial national network of associations as the Conservatives?

A

By the 1880s

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41
Q

When was the Independent Labour Party formed?

A

1893

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42
Q

When did real progress in promoting working-class interests come?

A

1867-85

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43
Q

How did Britain respond politically to the socialist ideas that were influencing European politics in the 1880s?

A

3 socialist organisations were formed

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44
Q

What were the socialist organisations formed in 1884?

A

Social Democratic Federation (SDF); Socialist League; Fabian society

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45
Q

Why were the 1884 socialist organisations important?

A

Shifted political climate slightly away from laissez-faire individualism and towards a more collective attitude towards society

46
Q

When did trade union membership reach a million?

A

1874

47
Q

What did the economic downturn of the 1870s and 1880s lead to the growth of?

A

‘New Unionism’

48
Q

What highlighted the changing nature of trade union activity?

A

Strike by female workers at the Bryant and May match factory in London in 1888

49
Q

Who founded the Independent Labour Party?

A

Trade union delegates; representatives from the Fabians and the SDF

50
Q

What did the ILP propose at its founding?

A

Free education; legal minimum wage; free access to medical treatment; comprehensive welfare provision

51
Q

How many ILP candidates stood in the 1895 election?

A

28

52
Q

How many votes did the ILP secure in the 1895 election?

A

44,000

53
Q

What made it easy to denounce the ILP as unpatriotic?

A

Party’s open hostility to Boer War in 1899

54
Q

When was the LRC founded?

A

February 1900

55
Q

Why was the affiliation between Labour and the trade unions beneficial for everyone involved?

A

Unions promoted their own interests through party; Labour gained widespread electoral support from trade union members

56
Q

When did the trade unions turn an issue into a mass political movement with the help of the LRC?

A

1901- Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants was forced to pay the Taff Vale Railway Company £23,000 in damages

57
Q

When did the Liberals agree an electoral pact with the LRC?

A

1903

58
Q

What was the electoral pact the Liberals agreed with the LRC?

A

Liberals wouldn’t put forward candidates in an agreed number of seats, giving LRC candidates a free run against Conservatives

59
Q

How many seats and votes did the LRC win in the 1906 election?

A

29; 254,000

60
Q

When did the LRC change its name to the Labour Party?

A

Shortly after 1906 election

61
Q

Why was the renaming of the LRC an inspired choice?

A

Suggested party was aimed at promoting the interests of a class rather than a set of political beliefs

62
Q

When did the Labour Party make slow progress, partly due to its broad support of New Liberalism’s agenda?

A

1906-18

63
Q

When did Labour establish itself as a major political force?

A

1918-24

64
Q

When had the Labour Party gained some experience in government?

A

Members were given 3 minor positions in Asquith’s coalition government of 1915

65
Q

How many seats did Labour take in the 1918 election?

A

57

66
Q

How many votes did Labour take in the 1918 election?

A

2 million

67
Q

When did Labour become the largest single party in opposition to the Conservatives in the HoC?

A

1922

68
Q

How many seats did Labour win in the 1922 election?

A

142

69
Q

What issues was the 1923 election fought on?

A

Free trade and protection

70
Q

What was the major achievement of the first Labour government?

A

Housing Act- promoted construction of 500,000 houses to be rented out at controlled rents

71
Q

How did Labour use the Liberals to form its first government?

A

Labour had 191 seats- combined with 158 Liberals

72
Q

Why was the 1924 Labour government unable to carry out wide-ranging reforms?

A

Dependent on Liberal support

73
Q

How long did the first Labour administration last for?

A

Less than a year

74
Q

When did the first Labour government get in?

A

January 1924

75
Q

What were the results of the 1924 election?

A

Conservatives triumphed with 412 seats to Labour’s 151

76
Q

How many seats did the Liberals lose in the 1924 election?

A

118

77
Q

When did Labour secure the greatest number of seats in the election?

A

1929

78
Q

How many seats did Labour secure in the 1929 election, which was still not enough for a majority?

A

287

79
Q

How many MPs in 1780 were the sons or brothers of peers?

A

1/5

80
Q

When did Pitt create many new peers?

A

1780-90s

81
Q

How many MPs in 1780 had gained their fortunes as merchants, bankers and industrialists?

A

Around 110

82
Q

Why did the extension of the franchise and the redistribution of seats throughout the 19th century not lead to a change in the social composition of the HoC?

A

Increasing number of county seats entrenched power of country gentry; redistribution worked against interests of merchants/bankers who had purchased and controlled seats before 1832

83
Q

When did the social make-up of the HoC hardly change at all?

A

1832-67

84
Q

When were 2 miners, supported by the Liberals and the Trade Unions, elected?

A

1874

85
Q

When did real change come to the composition of the HoC?

A

After 1900, with the growth of Labour

86
Q

How many Labour MPs elected in the 1918 election were from a working-class background?

A

56/63

87
Q

When had women begun to play an important role in local politics?

A

Following the passage of the Local Government Act 1894

88
Q

What gave women the right to stand as MPs?

A

Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918

89
Q

How many candidates in the 1918 election were women?

A

17/1623

90
Q

Who was the only successful female candidate in the 1918 election?

A

Countess Markievicz

91
Q

Who was the first woman to actually sit in the HoC?

A

Viscountess Nancy Astor

92
Q

When did the first female MP take her seat?

A

1919

93
Q

When was the abolition of the property qualification for MPs?

A

1858

94
Q

When had the property qualification been introduced in England?

A

1711

95
Q

When was the issue of the property qualification brought to a head?

A

With the case of Edward Glover

96
Q

When did trade unions begin to subsidise a number of MPs?

A

1870s

97
Q

When was the payment of MPs introduced?

A

1911

98
Q

How much did the Chartists want MPs to be paid?

A

£500 a year

99
Q

When was Gladstone converted to the idea of payment of MPs?

A

1880s

100
Q

When did the Liberal Party formally adopt the payment of MPs as a cause?

A

Newcastle programme of 1891

101
Q

When did the issue of the payment of MPs take on wider significance?

A

After 1867 franchise reform

102
Q

Who sponsored Keir Hardie?

A

Miners’ Federation

103
Q

When was Keir Hardie elected?

A

For West Ham South in 1892

104
Q

When did the Labour Party provide up to £200 a year to support its MPs?

A

From 1904

105
Q

How many MPs did Labour have in 1924?

A

191

106
Q

Who proposed the 1911 payment of MPs?

A

Lloyd George

107
Q

How much was it agreed that MPs would be paid from 1911?

A

£400 a year

108
Q

What was a major setback in the journey to secure payment for MPs?

A

Osbourne judgement of 1909

109
Q

Who was Osbourne of the Osbourne judgement?

A

Liberal supporter who objected to the political levy collected by his union, the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants

110
Q

Who was the first Labour PM?

A

Ramsay MacDonald

111
Q

What does LRC stand for?

A

Labour Representative Committee

A Level History (34 decks)

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