Bronchial carcinoma Flashcards
Define Bronchial carcinoma
It is a tumour that arises from the bronchial epithelium or mucous glands
Tell about the variety of presentation of Bronchial carcinoma
Lung is big therefore, it is important where the tumour is because this affects the presentation of it
If tumour is in large bronchus – symptoms arise early
If tumour is in peripheral bronchus it might grow large without causing any symptoms
Local spread may occur invading the mediastinum.
Where are the commonest metastatic places are from Bronchial carcinoma
Blood-borne metastases most commonly affect liver, bone, brain, adrenals and skin
Epidemiology of Bronchial carcinoma
19% of all cancers
27% of cancer death
Incidence is increasing in women
only 5% are “cured”
Epidemiology of Bronchial carcinoma
19% of all cancers
27% of cancer death
Incidence is increasing in women
only 5% are “cured”
Talk to me about the lymphatic spread noticed in Bronchial carcinoma
Lymphatic spread to supraclavicular and mediastinal lymphnodes are frequently observed
What can be compressed because of Bronchial carcinoma
compressing the pericardium, oesophagus, superior vena cava, trachea, or phrenic or left recurrent laryngeal nerves
Risk factors of Bronchial carcinoma
Cigarrette smoking is the major risk factor
Asbestos
chromium
arsenic
iron oxides
radiation
Symptoms of Bronchial carcinoma
Cough 80%
Haemoptysis (70%)
Dysponea (60%)
Chest pain (40%)
Recurrent or slowly resolving pneumonia
Lethargy
Anorexia
Weight loss
Sings of Bronchial carcinoma
Cachexia
Anaemia
Clubbing
Supraclavicullar or axillary nodes
Chest signs
extrapulmonary signs
What chest signs will you see in Bronchial carcinoma
None
Or
Consolidation
Collapse
Pleural effusion
What other extrapulmonary signs will you see in Bronchial carcinoma
Metastases:
Bone tenderness
Hepatomegaly
Confusion
Fits
Focal CNS signs
Cerbellar syndrome
proximal myopathy
peripheral neuropathy
Investigations of Bronchial carcinoma
Cytology - biposy and Histopathology
CXR
CT for staging
