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Pharmacy BSI > BSI 2 Lecture 65-66: Lower GI Tract > Flashcards

BSI 2 Lecture 65-66: Lower GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Where does most digestion and absorption occur?

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

What is responsible for digestion in the small intestine?

A

enzymes on the intestinal wall or brush border, pancreatic juice, and bile

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3
Q

What do the crevices between the villi form?

A

crypts of lieberkuhn

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4
Q

What do the crypts of lieberkuhn do?

A

secrete digestive juices

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5
Q

What is contained in the submucosa of the small intestine?

A

Brunner’s glands

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6
Q

What do Brunner’s glands do?

A

Secrete alkaline mucus with NaHCO3 that helps neutralize gastric acid in the chyme

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7
Q

What cells are in the small intestine?

A
  1. absorptive cells
  2. goblet cells
  3. S cells
  4. CCK cells
  5. K cells
  6. L cells
  7. Paneth cells
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8
Q

What do absorptive cells contain?

A

Brush border enzymes

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9
Q

What are the brush border enzymes?

A
  1. maltase
  2. sucrase
  3. lactase
  4. alpha-dextrinase
  5. aminopeptidase
  6. dipeptidase
  7. nucleosidases
  8. phosphatases
  9. enterokinase
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10
Q

What does maltase do?

A

digests maltose into glucose + glucose

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11
Q

What does sucrase do?

A

digests sucrose into glucose+ fructose

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12
Q

What does lactase do?

A

digests lactose into glucose + galactose

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13
Q

What does alpha-dextrinase do?

A

breaks down dextrins into glucose

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14
Q

What does aminopeptidase do?

A

digests proteins

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15
Q

What does dipeptidase do?

A

Breaks down dipeptides into amino acids

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16
Q

What do nucleosidases do?

A

digest nucleic acids

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17
Q

What do enterokinases do?

A

activate trypsinogen into trypsin which digests proteins

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18
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

secrete mucous

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19
Q

What do S cells secrete?

A

secretin

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20
Q

What do CCK cells secrete?

A

CCK

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21
Q

What do K cells secrete?

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotrophic peptide

22
Q

What do L cells secrete?

A

GLP-1

23
Q

What do paneth cells do?

A

secrete lysozyme and bactericidal enzyme

24
Q

What is the pancreas made of?

A

small clusters of glandular epithelial cells

25
Q

How much pancreatic juice is secreted per day?

A

1500 mL

26
Q

What does pancreatic juice consist of?

A
  1. water
  2. salts
  3. sodium bicarbonate
  4. digestive enzymes
27
Q

What digestive enzymes are included in pancreatic juice?

A
  1. pancreatic amylase
  2. pancreatic lipase
  3. trypsin
  4. chemotrypsin
  5. carboxypeptidase
  6. elastase
  7. ribonuclease
  8. deoxyribonuclease
28
Q

How do the protein digesting enzymes in the pancreas get activated?

A

Enterokinase cleaves trypsinogen into trypsin, in the duodenum, and trypsin activates everything else

29
Q

During which phases is pancreatic juice secreted?

A

the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases

30
Q

What solid organ can regenerate itself?

A

Liver

31
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

In the posterior surface of the liver

32
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produces and secretes bile

33
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

stores and concentrates bile

34
Q

What makes up the liver?

A

lobes made of lobules

35
Q

What does the liver have instead of capillaries?

A

sinusoids

36
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

endothelial-lined spaces that contain Kupffer cells

37
Q

Where does the liver receive oxygenated blood from?

A

Branch of the hepatic artery

38
Q

Where does the liver receive blood that is deoxygenated and needs filtering?

A

Branch of the hepatic portal vein

39
Q

What makes up bile?

A

water, bile salts/acids, cholesterol, lecithin, bile pigments, ions and other things

40
Q

What are the functions of bile?

A
  1. breakdown of large lipid globules
  2. formation of micelles which bind lipids to wall of GI tract for absorption
  3. excretion of cholesterol, calcium, bilirubin, and drugs
41
Q

How does bile get stored in the gallbladder?

A

The sphincter of Oddi has to be closed so bile can enter the cystic duct

42
Q

What is the pathway of bile secretion?

A

Bile is secreted by hepatocytes, caniliculi, bile ductules, bile duct, right and left hepatic ducts, exits liver via common hepatic duct

43
Q

What is the large intestine composed of?

A

simple columnar epithelium, long tubular intestinal glands, and lymphatic nodules

44
Q

What cells make up the large intestine?

A

goblet cells and absorptive cells

45
Q

Does digestion macromolecules occur in the large intestine?

A

No

46
Q

What happens in the final stages of digestion?

A
  1. ferment remaining carbohydrates
  2. break down AA into smaller components
  3. synthesize short chain fatty acids
47
Q

Where is 90% of water reabsorbed?

A

small intestine

48
Q

Where does mass paristalsis occur?

A

transverse colon

49
Q

What initiates the gastrocolic reflex?

A

Food in the stomach

50
Q

Steps of the defecation reflex

A

stretch receptors, sacral spinal cord, PNS, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus, contraction of longitudinal rectal muscles, increase pressure, opening of internal anal sphincter, defecation if external sphincter is relaxed

Pharmacy BSI (58 decks)

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