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Pharmacy BSI > BSI Lecture 32-33 Krebs Cycle and ETC > Flashcards

BSI Lecture 32-33 Krebs Cycle and ETC Flashcards

1
Q

T or F? The Kreb cycle occurs in the mitochondria.

A

True

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2
Q

T or F? Kreb cycle does not need oxygen.

A

False, requires oxygen

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3
Q

How many pyruvate enters the cell from 1 molecule of glucose?

A

2

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4
Q

What is produced when pyruvate is fully oxidized?

A

4 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP

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5
Q

How many ATP results from glycolysis and aerobic respiration?

A

32

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6
Q

How many ATP results from aerobic respiration?

A

25

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7
Q

______ is waste product that diffuses out of mitochondria, into blood, and expelled via the ______. (Krebs cycle)

A

CO2; lungs

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8
Q

T or F? Production via anaerobic respiration is dominant energy source in most tissues.

A

False, aerobic

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9
Q

Pyruvate is decarboxylated, oxidized, and a CoA is attached, this is done by what enzyme?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

Pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA → acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+, what enzyme is responsible for this?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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11
Q

T or F? Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate → Citrate + CoA-SH (citrate synthase)

A

False, H2O needs to be added to the left side

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12
Q

Citrate is isomerized into cis-aconitase and then to isocitrate -hydroxyl group is moved from one carbon to another by _________.

A

Aconitase

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13
Q

T or F? Isocitrate is oxidized and decarboxylated to form ά-ketoglutarate and NADH + H+(isocitrate dehydrogenase)

A

True

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14
Q

T or F? ά-ketoglutarate is oxidized, decarboxylated, and CoA is attached to form succinyl-CoA and NADH + H+ (ά-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase)

A

True

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15
Q

T or F? A Pi molecule (from solution) attaches and displaces CoA and then the Pi is donated to ADP to form ATP → succinate (GTP can donate P to ADP) (succinyl-CoA synthetase)

A

False, Pi is donated to GDP to form GTP

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16
Q

Succinate oxidized to _______ + FADH2 (succinate dehydrogenase)

A

Fumerate

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17
Q

What is added to fumerate to form malate?

A

H2O

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18
Q

Malate is oxidized to _______ + NADH + H+ (malate dehydrogenase)

A

oxaloacetate

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19
Q

What are the rate limiting enzymes for the Krebs Cycle?

A
  1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
  2. Citrate synthase
  3. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
  4. ά-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
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20
Q

T or F? ADP, NAD+ (low energy status) stimulates Krebs Cycle

A

True

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21
Q

T or F? ATP, NADH (high energy status) stimulates Krebs Cycle

A

False, inhibits not stimulate

22
Q

T or F? ETC is a series of electron carriers (protein complexes) located in the outer mitochondrial membrane

A

False, inner not outer

23
Q

As pairs of electrons are passed down the complexes, H+ are pumped into the intramembrane space resulting in an electrochemical gradient for H+ (proton motive force). Where did the electrons come from?

A

from NADH and FADH2

24
Q

As H+ flows back down its electrochemical proton gradient, passing through a special H+ channel (ATPase synthase) back into the _______, ATP is synthesized

A

Matrix

25
Q

NADH averages how many ATP?

A

2.5

26
Q

FADH2 averages how many ATP?

A

1.5

27
Q

Which of the 5 complexes pump protons into the innermembrane space?

A

1, 3, and 5

28
Q

Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase complex, NADH is _______ to NAD+.

A

Oxidized

29
Q

What enzyme shuttles electrons from complex I to complex III?

A

Coenzyme Q

30
Q

Complex II: (Succinate dehydrogenase-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) Accepts electrons from _____ and passes them to _____.

A

FADH2; Coenzyme Q

31
Q

T or F? Complex III: (Cytochrome b-c1 complex) passes the electrons to Complex IV.

A

False, to Cytochrome C then to to Complex IV

32
Q

Complex IV: Cytochrome c oxidase complex (COX), where do the electrons go from here?

A

Oxygen picks up the electron and forms H2O with 2H+

33
Q

_______ is the final electron acceptor.

A

Oxygen

34
Q

T or F? 2H+ 2e- + ½ O2 → H2O

A

True

35
Q

The enzymatic phosphorylation of ADP to ATP coupled to electron transfer from a substrate to molecular oxygen is called ___ ____

A

oxidative phosphorylation

36
Q

T or F? Complex V: (ATP synthase); Forms a hydrophilic tunnel through the inner mitochondrial membrane allowing H+ to move into the matrix following their electrochemical gradient (aka mitochondrial membrane potential, proton motive force)

A

True

37
Q

As H+ passes through the complex, ______ force is converted into ______ _______ energy: ADP + Pi→ATP

A

mechanical; chemical bond

38
Q

T or F? NADH → 10 H+ pumped out and 4 H+ required to make 1 ATP via ATP synthase = 2.5 ATP

A

True

39
Q

T or F? FADH2 → 6 H+ pumped out and 4 H+ required to make 1 ATP via ATP synthase = 1.5 ATP

A

True

40
Q

Why does FADH2 make less ATP than NADH?

A

FADH2 passes its electrons to Complex II, electrons only passes through 2 pumps instead of 3.

41
Q

T or F? Regulation of ETC: ADP, Pi, (low energy status) inhibits ETC

A

False, stimulates

42
Q

T or F? Regulation of ETC: ATP (high energy status) inhibits ETC

A

True

43
Q

Can pyruvate be oxidized to acetyl-CoA under anaerobic conditions?

A

No

44
Q

How many protons does Complex 1 and 3 pump each?

A

4

45
Q

How many protons does Complex 4 pump?

A

2

46
Q

How many protons does it take to pass through complex 5 produce 1 ATP

A

4

47
Q

Cyanide inhibits which complex?

A

Complex 3

48
Q

How does shutting down the ETC shut down the Krebs Cycle?

A

NAD+ and FAD cannot be recycled and a build-up of NADH inhibits the Kreb Cycle.

49
Q

How many NADH are produced in the Krebs Cycle (one cycle)?

A

3

50
Q

How many FADH2s are produced in the Krebs Cycle (one cycle)?

A

1

51
Q

How many ATP is produced during the Krebs Cycle (one cycle)?

A

1

Pharmacy BSI (58 decks)

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