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Pharmacy BSI > BSI Lecture 20 Cell Cycle > Flashcards

BSI Lecture 20 Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

How does APC trigger anaphase?

A

Ubiquitilate of securin

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2
Q

How does activation of the APC complex lead to separation of the sister chromatids?

A

The APC complex causes ubiquitylation and degradation of securin, activating ubiquitin separase, which separates the chromatids

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3
Q

DNA Replication; what are the 3 steps?

A

1) Unzipping
2) Complementary base pairing
3) Sugar-phosphate backbone formed connecting nucleotides in the 2 new strands

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4
Q

Segregation of the sets of chromosomes to opposite ends of the spindle occur in which phase?

A

Anaphase

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5
Q

Nucleus expands and chromosomes decondense to interphase state, what phase does this occur in?

A

Telophase

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6
Q

Assembly of contractile ring necessary for cytokinesis occurs in which phase?

A

Telophase

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7
Q

Which enzyme replicates DNA?

A

DNA Polymerase

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8
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A 
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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9
Q

What are the two general phases of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase and M-phase

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10
Q

Interphase consists of which phases?

A

G1, S, G2

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11
Q

Where on the chromosomes are kinetochores located?

A

On the centromeres of sister chromatids

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12
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Division of cytoplasm (including all organelles) by the contractile ring which pinches the two daughter cells part.

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13
Q

How is APC activated?

A

M-Cdk phosphorylates APC, then Cdc20 binds to APC, activating it.

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14
Q

Give two examples of cell types that remain in G0 permanently?

A

Differentiated nerve and muscle cells.

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15
Q

Replicated chromosomes condenses in what phase?

A

Prophase

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16
Q

T or F? The nuclear envelope is still intact during prophase.

A

True

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17
Q

Nuclear envelope breaks down during which phase?

A

Prometaphase

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18
Q

_______ are protein complexes which assemble on the condensed chromosomes.

A

Kinetochores

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19
Q

How many chromosomes are copied?

A

46

20
Q

In what phase do the sister chromatids separate?

A

Anaphase

21
Q

Mitosis and cytokinesis are a part of which phase?

A

M-phase

22
Q

What occurs in G1 phase?

A

Cell growth (organelles)

23
Q

What event occurs during S phase?

A

Replication of genome (DNA synthesis)

24
Q

What proteins bind together the sister chromatids?

A

Cohesin

25
Q

What occurs during G2 phase?

A

Cell growth (produces proteins and enzymes necessary for cell division)

26
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Nuclear division

27
Q

What is the mitotic spindle?

A

Microtubules that extend from centrosomes and bind to the kinetochores

28
Q

What are kinetochores?

A

Kinetochores are protein complexes which assemble on the condensed chromosomes.

29
Q

What phase(s) of M phase does cytokinesis occur?

A

Begins in anaphase and is complete by the end of telophase

30
Q

What is the function of the contractile ring and what is it composed of?

A

Contractile ring is composed of actin and myosin filaments which pinch the cell in two. This divides them into two daughter cells, each with one nucleus.

31
Q

Describe G0 phase.

A

Cells that remain in G1 phase for long periods of time or permanently.

32
Q

Some cells remain in this phase for long periods of time or permanently is then called _______

A

G0

33
Q

Centrosomes start to move to the opposite sides of the nucleus occurs in what phase?

A

Prophase

34
Q

_____ shoots out microtubules to form mitotic spindles.

A

Centrosomes

35
Q

Nuclear envelope breaking down allows the spindle microtubules to contact the condensed ________

A

Chromosomes

36
Q

Microtubules binds to _________ located at centromeres of sister chromatids

A

Kinetochores

37
Q

Mitotic spindles gathers all the chromosomes to the _____ of the spindle.

A

Center (equator)

38
Q

The phase when two sister chromatids in each replicated chromosome synchronously split apart.

A

Anaphase

39
Q

What draws the sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell?

A

Spindle fibers

40
Q

______ begins abruptly with the release of the linkage that hold the sister chromatids together.

A

Anaphase

41
Q

Chromatids are pulled to the spindle pole to which it is attached occurs in which phase?

A

Anaphase

42
Q

Nuclear envelope reassembles around each of the two sets of separated chromosomes to form two nuclei, this occurs in which phase?

A

Telophase

43
Q

Division of the cytoplasm (including all organelles) by contractile ring which pinches the two daughter cells apart is what process?

A

Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division)

44
Q

What begins in anaphase and is completed by the end of telophase?

A

Cytokinesis

45
Q

What can promote cell division?

A

Growth factors

Pharmacy BSI (58 decks)

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