Bullshit Flashcards
(308 cards)
1
Q
The parasympathetics of CN III travels with what branch of the trigeminal nerve?
A
Ophthalmic
2
Q
What cranial nerves travel with the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
A
III, VII, IX
3
Q
Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of III leave?
A
Superior Orbital Fissure
4
Q
Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of VII leave?
A
IAM
5
Q
Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of IX leave?
A
jugular foreamen
6
Q
Which nucleus provides 2 parasympathetic pathways?
A
Superior salivatory nucleus
7
Q
What nerve leaves the Superior salivatory nucleus?
A
VII
8
Q
What nerve leaves the inferior salivatory nucleus?
A
IX
9
Q
What nerve leaves the edinger-westphal nucleus?
A
III
10
Q
What nucleus does cranial nerve III arise from?
A
edinger-westphal nucleus
11
Q
What nucleus does cranial nerve VII arise from?
A
Superior salivatory nucleus
12
Q
What nucleus does cranial nerve IX arise from?
A
inferior salivatory nucleus
13
Q
What nucleus does cranial nerve X arise from?
A
dorsal motor nucleus
14
Q
The greater petrosal nerve is a branch of what CN?
A
VII
15
Q
The lesser petrosal nerve is a branch of what CN?
A
IX
16
Q
The articulotemporal nerve is a branch of what CN?
A
VII
17
Q
The chorda tympani nerve is a branch of what CN?
A
VII
18
Q
What branches of VII carry parasympathetics?
A
greater petrosal
articulotemporal
chorda tympani
19
Q
What glands do the parasympathetics of the Superior salivatory nucleus supply?
A
(VII) lacrimal submandibular sublingual nasal palatine
20
Q
What glands do the parasympathetics of the inferior salivatory nucleus supply?
A
(IX)
parotid
21
Q
What gland is not supplied by VII?
A
parotid
22
Q
At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of VII pass?
A
pterygopalatine
submandibular
geniculate of VII
23
Q
At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of III pass?
A
ciliary
24
Q
At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of IX pass?
A
otic
25
What CN synapses at more than 1 ganglion?
VII
26
How many ganglia does VII synapse at?
3
27
What does the parasympathetics of the edinger-westphal nucleus supply?
sphincer pupillae
28
What nerves synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Vb
| VII
29
What nerves synapse at the otic ganglion?
VII
| IX
30
What nerves synapse at the geniculate ganglion?
VII
31
What nerves synapse at the submandibular ganglion?
Vc
| VII
32
The parasympathetics of VII run with which branch(es) of the trigeminal?
Va
Vb
Vc
33
The parasympathetics of what CN travel with all branches of the trigeminal?
VII
34
What branch of the trigeminal goes to the lacrimal gland
Va, Vb
35
What branch of the trigeminal goes to the submandibular and sublingual gland?
Vc
36
What branch of the trigeminal goes to the sphincter pupilae?
Va
37
The nervous intermedius is a branch of what CN?
VII
38
What nerve passes through the pterygoid canal?
greater petrosal
39
What is the name of the fissure through which the chorda tympani passes?
tympanic membrane
40
What nerve passes through the tympanic membrane?
Chorda tympani
41
Where is the tympanic membrane located?
In the ear
42
What CN nerves pass through the tympanic plexus?
VII
| IX
43
What nerve(s) passes through the jugular foreamen?
XI
X
IX
44
All parasympathetics go to glands except the parasympathetics of which CN? what does it supply?
III
| sphincter pupillae
45
The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the superior orbital fissure supplies what structure?
sphincter pupillae
46
The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the IAM supplies what structure(s)?
```
lacrimal
submandibular
sublingual
nasal
palatine
```
47
The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the petrotympanic fissure supplies what structure(s)?
submandibular
| sublingual
48
The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the jugular foreamen supplies what structure(s)?
parotid gland
49
What non-parasympathetic nerves leave the IAM?
motor root of VII
| VIII
50
What foreamen does the VII leave through?
stylomastoid foreamen
51
Which gland receives supply from more than one branch of the trigeminal nerve?
lacrimal
52
Where is the edinger-westphal nucleus found?
midbrain
53
What CN leaves the dorsal motor nucleus?
X
54
What nucleus does CN X leave?
dorsal motor
55
What does CN IX innervate (beside parasympathetics)?
carotid bodies
| stylopharyngeus muscke
56
What does CN X innervate?
heart
lungs
foregut
midgut
57
What does CN VII innervate (beside parasympathetics)?
muscles of pinna and occipitalis
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric
muscles of facial expression
58
What are the branches of VII after it passes the parotid gland?
```
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical
```
59
What nerve merges with the greater petrosal nerve?
deep petrosal nerve
60
What nerve merges with the deep petrosal nerve?
greater petrosal nerve
61
How many taste pathways are there?
4
62
What CN has more than 1 taste pathway?
VII
63
How many taste pathways does VII have?
2
64
What CN are involved in the taste pathways?
VII
IX
X
65
Where do the taste pathways originate in the brain?
nucleus of solitary tract of brainstem
66
What ganglia have taste pathways which pass through them?
geniculate of VII
sensory of IX
sensory of X
67
The taste pathways of what nerve(s) passes through the jugular foreamen?
IX
| X
68
The taste pathways of what nerve(s) passes through the IAM?
VII (the 2 of them)
69
What structure(s) does the taste pathway of VII supply?
palate
| anterior tongue
70
What structure(s) does the taste pathway of IX supply?
Posterior tongue
71
What structure(s) does the taste pathway of X supply?
Pharynx
72
The taste pathway(s) which passes through the jugular foreamen goes to what structure(s)?
Posterior tongue
| Pharynx
73
The taste pathway(s) which passes through the IAM goes to what structure(s)?
palate
| anterior tongue
74
The taste pathway of what CN supplies the palate?
VII
75
The taste pathway of what CN supplies the anterior tongue?
VII
76
The taste pathway of what CN supplies the Pharynx?
X
77
The taste pathway of what CN supplies the Posterior tongue?
IX
78
What CN carries parasympathetics with the trigeminal nerve but not a taste pathway?
III
79
What CN has a taste pathway but does not supply parasympathetics to the trigeminal nerve?
X
80
What nerve(s) passes through the foreamen ovale?
Vc
| lesser petrosal
81
What foreamen does the lesser petrosal nerve pass through?
Foreamen ovale
82
What nerve(s) passes through the foreamen rotundum?
Vb
83
The taste pathway of what CN passes the tympanic plexus?
VII
84
What gland(s) receives both parasympathetics and a taste pathway?
Sublingual
| submandibular
85
Which ganglion allows for the passage of more than 1 taste pathway?
genuiculate of VII
86
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 1?
Vc
87
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 2?
VII
88
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 3?
IX
89
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 4?
X - superior laryngeal
90
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 6?
X - recurrent laryngeal
91
What is the difference between the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve?
l - loops around aortic arch
| r - look around common carotid artery
92
Vc is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?
1
93
VII is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?
2
94
IX is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?
3
95
X is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?
4 and 6
96
What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 1?
```
Mandible
zygoma
spine of sphenoid
sphenomandibular ligament
malleus
incus
```
97
What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 2?
stylohyoid ligament
styloid process
stapes
lesser horn and upper part of hyoid bone
98
What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 3?
greater horn and lower part of hyoid bone
99
What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 4 and 6?
laryngeal cartilages
100
What nerve supplies Mandible?
Vc
101
What nerve supplies zygoma?
Vc
102
What nerve supplies spine of sphenoid?
Vc
103
What nerve supplies sphenomandibular ligament?
Vc
104
What nerve supplies malleus?
Vc
105
What nerve supplies incus?
Vc
106
What nerve supplies stylohyoid ligament?
VII
107
What nerve supplies styloid process?
VII
108
What nerve supplies stapes?
VII
109
What nerve supplies lesser horn and upper part of hyoid bone?
VII
110
What nerve supplies upper horn and lower body of hyoid?
IX
111
What nerve supplies laryngeal cartilages?
X
112
The mandible is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
113
The zygoma is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
114
The malleus is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
115
The incus is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
116
The spine of sphenoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
117
The sphenomandibular ligament is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
118
The stapes is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
2
119
The stylohyoid ligament is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
2
120
The styloid process is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
2
121
The greater horn and lower body of hyoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
3
122
The lesser horn and upper body of the hyoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
2
123
The laryngeal cartilages is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
4 and 6
124
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 1?
```
mastication - temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids
anterior belly of digastric
tensor tympani
tensor palati
mylohyoid
```
125
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 2?
muscles of facial expression
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid
stapedius
126
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 3?
stylopharyngeus
127
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 4?
cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of pharynx
128
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 6?
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
129
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| temporalis
Vc
130
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| masseter
Vc
131
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| medial pterygoid
Vc
132
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| lateral pterygoid
Vc
133
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| anterior belly of digastric
Vc
134
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| tensor tympani
Vc
135
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| tensor palati
Vc
136
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| muscles of facial expression
VII
137
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| posterior belly of digastric
VII
138
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| stylohyoid
VII
139
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| stapedius
VII
140
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| stylopharyngeus
IX
141
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| intrinsic muscles of the larynx
X - recurrent laryngeal
142
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| cricothyroid
X - superior laryngeal
143
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| levator palati
X - superior laryngeal
144
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| constrictors of pharynx
X - superior laryngeal
145
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
| mylohyoid
Vc
146
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
mylohyoid
1
147
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
temporalis
1
148
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
masseter
1
149
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
medial pterygoid
1
150
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
lateral pterygoid
1
151
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
anterior belly of digastric
1
152
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
tensor tympani
1
153
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
tensor palati
1
154
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
muscles of facial expression
2
155
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
posterior belly of digastric
2
156
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stylohyoid
2
157
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stapedius
2
158
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stylopharyngeus muscle
3
159
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
cricothyroid
4
160
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
levator palati
4
161
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
Constrictors of pharynx
4
162
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
intrinsic muscles of larynx
6
163
What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 1?
maxillary (ECA)
164
What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 3?
common carotid
| 1st part of internal carotid
165
What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 4?
aortic arch
| 1st part of subclavian artery
166
What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 6?
ductus arteriosus
| proximal right pulmonary artery
167
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the maxillary artery?
```
8 muscles :
massseter
temporalis
medial and lateral pterygoid
anterior belly of digastric
tensor palati
tensor tympani
mylohyoid
```
```
structures:
spine of sphenoid
sphenomandibular ligament
malleus
mandible
incus
zygoma
```
168
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the common carotid artery?
muscles:
stylopharyngeal
structures:
greater horn and lower body of hyoid
169
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the 1st part of subclavian artery?
muscles:
cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of the pharynx
structures:
laryngeal cartilages
170
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the aortic arch?
muscles:
cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of the pharynx
structures:
laryngeal cartilages
171
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the 1st part internal carotid artery?
muscles:
stylopharyngeal
structures:
greater horn and lower body of hyoid
172
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the ductus arteriosus?
muscles:
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
structures:
laryngeal cartilages
173
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the proximal right pulmonary artery?
muscles:
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
structures:
laryngeal cartilages
174
Blood supply of: massseter
maxillary
175
Blood supply of: temporalis
maxillary
176
Blood supply of: medial pterygoid
maxillary
177
Blood supply of: lateral pterygoid
maxillary
178
Blood supply of: mylohyiod
maxillary
179
Blood supply of: anterior belly of digastric
maxillary
180
Blood supply of: tensor palati
maxillary
181
Blood supply of: tensor tympani
maxillary
182
Blood supply of: spine of sphenoid
maxillary
183
Blood supply of: sphenomandibular ligament
maxillary
184
Blood supply of: malleus
maxillary
185
Blood supply of: mandible
maxillary
186
Blood supply of: zygoma
maxillary
187
Blood supply of: incus
maxillary
188
Blood supply of: greater horn and lower body of hyoid bone
common carotid
| 1st part of internal carotid
189
Blood supply of: stylopharyngeyus muscle
common carotid
| 1st part of internal carotid
190
Blood supply of: laryngeal cartilages
ductus arteriosus
proximal right pulmonary artery
aortic arch
1st part of subclavian
191
Blood supply of: cricothyroid
aortic arch
| 1st part of subclavian
192
Blood supply of: levator palati
aortic arch
| 1st part of subclavian
193
Blood supply of: constrictors of pharynx
aortic arch
| 1st part of subclavian
194
Blood supply of: intrinsic muscles of larynx
ductus arteriosus
| proximal right pulmonary artery
195
Which pharyngeal arch disappears on maturation of the fetus?
5th
196
Which cleft remains and what does it form?
1st
| EAM
197
What does pouch 1 form?
eustacian tube
198
What does pouch 2 form?
bed of paltine tonsil
199
What does pouch 3 form?
thymus
| inferior parathyroid
200
What does pouch 4 form?
superior parathyroid
| ultimobrachial body
201
What pouch does the eustacian tube derive from?
1
202
What pouch does the bed of palatine tonsils derive from?
2
203
What pouch does the thymus derive from?
3
204
What pouch does the inferior parathyroid derive from?
3
205
What pouch does the superior parathyroid derive from?
4
206
What pouch does the ultimobrachial body derive from?
4
207
What pouch and cleft meet to form a structure in the ear? what is that structure?
1
| tympanic membrane
208
What nerves carry only sensory information?
I
II
VIII
209
What nerves carry only motor information?
```
III
IV
VI
XI
XII
```
210
What nerves carry both sensory and motor information?
V
VII
IX
X
211
Which division of the trigeminal is only sensory?
Va
| Vb
212
Which division of the trigeminal is both sensory and motor?
Vc
213
Which nerves are cutaneous (tactile stimulation)
V
| and some of X
214
Which nerves are visceral (taste)?
VII
IX
X
215
What nerves leave above the midbrain?
I
| II
216
What nerves leave above the pons?
III
| IV
217
What nerves leave the pons?
V
VI
VII
VIII
218
What nerves leave the medulla?
IX
X
XI
XII
219
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| I
```
olfactory bulb (nucleus)
cerebral cortex
```
220
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| II
optic chiasm
221
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| III
interpeduncular fossa
222
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| IV
back of brainstem
223
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| V
side of pons
224
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| VI
ponto-medullary junction
225
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| VII
cerebropontine angle
226
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| VIII
cerebropontine angle
227
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| IX
Behind olives of medulla (lateral)
228
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| X
Behind olives of medulla (lateral)
229
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| XI
Behind olives of medulla (lateral)
230
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
| XII
Between pyramids and olives
231
What nerves leave Behind olives of medulla (lateral)?
IX
X
XI
232
What nerves leave the cerebropontine angle?
VII
| VIII
233
What nerves leave the ponto-medullary junction?
VI
234
What nerves leave the olfactory bulb (nucleus)
| cerebral cortex?
I
235
What nerves leave the optic chiasm?
II
236
What nerves leave the interpeduncular fossa?
III
237
What nerves leave the back of brainstem?
IV
238
What nerves leave the side of pons?
V
239
What does this term mean?
| general somatic sensory (general sensory)
general sensation to skin
240
What does this term mean?
| general visceral sensory (visceral sensory)
general sensation to viscera
241
What does this term mean?
| special somatic sensory
senses derived from ectoderm eg sight, sound, balance
242
What does this term mean?
| special visceral sensory
senses derived from endoderm eg. taste, smell
243
What does this term mean?
| general somatic motor (SM)
skeletal muscles
244
What does this term mean?
| general visceral motor (VM)
smooth muscles of gut and autonomic motor
245
What does this term mean?
| special visceral motor (brachial motor)
muscles derived from pharyngeal arches
246
What nerves are Somatic motor?
```
III
IV
VI
XII
XI (kinda)
```
247
What nerves are visceral motor?
VII
| X
248
What nerves are SVS?
I
VII
IX
249
What nerves are SSS?
II
| VIII
250
What nerves are brachial motor?
```
V
VII
IX
X
XI
```
251
What type of nerve is CN I?
Somatic motor
| SVS
252
What type of nerve is CN II?
SSS
253
What type of nerve is CN III?
Somatic motor
254
What type of nerve is CN IV?
Somatic motor
255
What type of nerve is CN V?
brachial motor
256
What type of nerve is CN VI?
Somatic motor
257
What type of nerve is CN VII?
visceral motor
SVS
brachial motor
258
What type of nerve is CN VIII?
SSS
259
What type of nerve is CN IX?
SVS
| brachial motor
260
What type of nerve is CN X?
visceral motor
| brachial motor
261
What type of nerve is CN XI?
brachial motor
| kinda somatic motor
262
What type of nerve is CN XII?
Somatic motor
263
What type of cells are in the upper nose?
bipolar cells
264
Describe the passage of CN I.
through cribiform plate to olfactory bulb (synapses)
265
What are the olfactory tracts composed of?
white matter
| axons of mitral relay neurons called olfactory stria
266
Where is the olfactory cortex?
mainly temporal lobe
piriform cortex
amygdala
entorhinal cortex
267
What is the orbitofrontal cortex and what is its function?
output or final destination
| ability to recognize different smells
268
What does the light reflex test?
Pupil's response to light
269
What is a visual field?
total area for each eye where we can see images
270
What stimulates the rods and cones of the retina? where is this stimuli passed?
light sensors
| passed to bipolar sensory neurons then to ganglion cells
271
Which cells in the retina directly interact with the optic nerve?
ganglion cells
272
where do neurons in the optic nerve synapse?
lateral geniculate body
273
Which lobe do the neurons involved in the visual pathway go to?
occipital
274
What side correlates to the temporal field?
nasal
275
What side correlates to the nasal field?
temporal
276
What significant events occurs at the opitc chiasm?
crossing over of the nasal neurons
277
Explain accommodation.
adaptation of the eye for looking at near objects
change in lens curvature (increases for nearby objects)
pupil constricts
convergence of eye
278
What causes change in the curvature of the lens?
constriction of ciliary muscles --> relaxes suspensory ligament (usually tense to maintain flat lens).
279
What nucleus of the brain allows for the constriction of the pupil? what muscle is involved?
edwinger-westphal nucleus
| constrictor pupillae
280
What causes the convergence of the eye?
medial constrictors contract causing the eye to move medially
281
What muscle open the eyelid? What CN innervates it?
Levator palpebre superioris
| III
282
What are the extraocular muscles, what movements of the eye do they permit and what are they innervated by?
III:
superior and inferior rectus ( elevation/depression and in)
medial rectus (adduction)
inferior oblique ( up and out)
IV: superior oblique (down and out)
VI: lateral rectus (abduction)
283
If CN III is compressed with uncal herniation, which pupil is affected?
unilateral dilation of the same side
284
In testing the superior oblique muscle, what action should the eye undergo first?
adduction
285
Which CN has the longest course?
VI
286
What is strabismus?
misalignment of eye
287
What is strabismus caused by?
muscle dysfunction
farsightedness
visual defect
central cause
288
What is amblyopia?
decreased vision due to failure of neural pathway development
289
Where are first order cell bodies of CN V found?
trigeminal ganglion at apex of petrous temporal bone
290
Which nuclei is sensation from V referred?
trigeminal nuclei in brainstem to thalamus
291
Compare an UMN and LMN lesion of VII.
LMN - total hemiface paralysis
| UMN - Upper face is spared (contralateral)
292
Give an example of facial nerve palsy. what type of lesion is it?
Bell's Palsy
| LMN
293
What does the Vestibular part of CN VIII control?
balance
294
Where is the vestibular nuclei? what are its connections?
floor of 4th ventricle
| vestibulospinal tracts, ML fasiculas, Thalamus (VPN), cerebellum
295
What does the cochlear part of CN VIII control?
hearing
296
Where is the cochlear nuclei? what are its connections?
floor of 4th ventricle
| medial geniculate body (thalamus), inferior colliculi
297
The inferior colliculi is for ___A____ stimuli whereas the superior colliculi is for ___B____ stimuli.
A - auditory
| B - visual
298
What is the nucleus of IX?
Nucleus Ambiguus
299
Which nerves go to the spinal trigeminal nucleus?
V
VII
IX
XI
300
Describe the path of IX after leaving the jugular foremen.
descends anterolateral to internal carotid
| enters neck between superior and middle constrictor of pharynx
301
What nerve enters between the superior and middle constrictor of pharynx?
IX
302
Branches of vagus nerve
```
meningeal branch
auricular
paryngeal
superior laryngeal --> internal and external laryngeal
recurrent laryngeal
cardiac branch
```
303
What nerve joins to X?
spinal XI continues shortly as cranial XI before merging with X
304
Where does spinal XI enter and exit the brain?
foreamen magnum
| jugular foreamen
305
Where does XII exit the brain?
hypoglossal canal
| in the neck, deep to posterior belly of digastric.
306
What is pancoast's tumour? What nerves may be damaged?
tumour at apex of lung
| nerves positioned at first rib
307
Symptom of Horner's Syndrome
ipsilateral ptosis
miosis
facial anhidrosis (no innervation of sweat glands)
308
What part of the spinal cord does sympathetic innervation come from?
grey matter of lateral horn
