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FIM Pathogens Flashcards

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1
Q

A patient presents with folliculitis, pneumonia, necrotising fasciitis and a carbuncle. What pathogen is most likely responsible for this presentation?

A

Staph Aureus

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2
Q

A patient presents with osteomyelitis, endocarditis, gastroenteritis and a furuncle. What do you expect to see on the gram stain?

A

Staph Aureus

gram +ve cocci in clusters

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3
Q

A patient presents with septic arthritis, cellulitis, impetigo and pneumonia. What is the expected result of a catalase test for this causative pathogen?

A

Staph Aureus

catalase +ve

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4
Q

A patient presents with folliculitis, gastroenteritis, an abscess and pneumonia with patchy infiltrates. What is the expected result of a coagulase test for this causative pathogen?

A

Staph Aureus

coagulase +ve

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5
Q

A patient presents with folliculitis, gastroenteritis, a wound infection and pneumonia with patchy infiltrates. What agars (2) would facilitate the growth of this causative pathogen and what would be observed?

A

Staph Aureus
blood agar - golden/yellow crust
mannitol - yellow

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6
Q

A patient presents with folliculitis, pneumonia, necrotising fasciitis and a carbuncle. The patient was given flucloxacillin but his symptoms were not resolved. what would you prescribe?

A

Staph Aureus

vancomycin or teicoplanin

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7
Q

A patient presents with folliculitis, pneumonia, necrotising fasciitis and a carbuncle. Protein A is one of the virulence factor of this pathogen. What is its importance?

A

Staph Aureus

binds to Fc of IgM - prevents phagocytosis

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8
Q

A patient presents with folliculitis, pneumonia, necrotising fasciitis and a carbuncle. The pathogen displays no resistance. What would you prescribe?

A

Staph Aureus

flucloxacillin

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9
Q

What virulence factor is responsible for toxic shock syndrome for a staph aureus infection?

A

Staph Aureus

TSS exotoxin

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10
Q

What virulence factor is responsible for scalded skin syndrome?

A

Staph Aureus

exfoliative toxin

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11
Q

A patient presents with osteomyelitis, endocarditis, necrotising fasciitis and a furuncle.The patient was given flucloxacillin but his symptoms were not resolved. what mechanism was responsible for this resistance?

A

Staph Aureus

altered pbp-2a binding site

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12
Q

A patient presents with osteomyelitis, endocarditis, gastroenteritis and a furuncle. Would you treat his gastroenteritis with Abx? why?

A

No - it is caused by a preformed toxin and Abx treatment would allow for increased toxin release

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13
Q

what is nikolsky’s sign?

A

low pressure shedding of necrotic epidermis in scalded skin syndrome.

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14
Q

A patient presents with endocarditis, ventriculitis, peritonitis and has a catheter in. What pathogen is most likely responsible for this presentation?

A

staph epidermidis

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15
Q

A patient presents with endocarditis, ventriculitis, peritonitis and has a catheter in. What do you expect to see on the gram stain?

A

staph epidermidis

gram +ve cocci in clusters

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16
Q

A patient presents with endocarditis, ventriculitis, peritonitis and has a catheter in. What is the expected result of a catalase test for this causative pathogen?

A

staph epidermidis

catalase +ve

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17
Q

A patient presents with endocarditis, ventriculitis, peritonitis and has a catheter in. What is the expected result of a coagulase test for this causative pathogen?

A

staph epidermidis

coagulase -ve

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18
Q

A patient presents with endocarditis, ventriculitis, peritonitis and has a catheter in. What is the expected result of a novobiocin test for this causative pathogen?

A

staph epidermidis

susceptible

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19
Q

A patient presents with endocarditis, ventriculitis, peritonitis and has a catheter in. What agar would facilitate the growth of this causative pathogen and what would be observed?

A

staph epidermidis

blood agar - white/ grey

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20
Q

A patient presents with endocarditis, ventriculitis, peritonitis and has a catheter in. How would you treat this patient?

A

staph epidermidis
vancomycin or teicoplanin
remove catheter or prosthetic material

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21
Q

A patient presents with endocarditis, ventriculitis, peritonitis and has a catheter in. What Abx resistance is displayed?

A

staph epidermidis

intrinsically resistant to flucloxacillin

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22
Q

A patient presents with dysuria, increased frequency and a lower UTI with cystitis. What pathogen is most likely responsible for this presentation?

A

Staph saprophyticus

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23
Q

A patient presents with dysuria, increased frequency and a lower UTI with cystitis. What do you expect to see on the gram stain?

A

Staph saprophyticus

gram +ve cocci in clusters

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24
Q

A patient presents with dysuria, increased frequency and a lower UTI with cystitis. What is the expected result of a catalase test for this causative pathogen?

A

Staph saprophyticus

catalase +ve

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25
A patient presents with dysuria, increased frequency and prostatitis. What is the expected result of a coagulase test for this causative pathogen?
Staph saprophyticus | coagulase -ve
26
A patient presents with dysuria, increased frequency and prostatitis. What agar would facilitate the growth of this causative pathogen and what would be observed?
Staph saprophyticus | blood agar - white/ grey
27
A patient presents with dysuria, increased frequency and prostatitis. What is the expected result of a novobiocin test for this causative pathogen?
Staph saprophyticus | resistant
28
A patient presents with dysuria, increased frequency and a lower UTI with cystitis. How would you treat this patient?
Staph saprophyticus | Trimethoprim
29
A patient presents with pharyngitis, scarlet fever (blanching, sandpaper textured rash), impetigo and otitis media. What pathogen is most likely responsible for this presentation?
strep pyogenes
30
A patient presents with cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis, acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. What is the expected result of a catalase test for this causative pathogen?
strep pyogenes | catalase -ve
31
A patient presents with pharyngitis, scarlet fever (blanching, sandpaper textured rash), impetigo and otitis media. What is the expected result of a bacitracin test for this causative pathogen?
strep pyogenes | bacitracin sensitive or susceptible
32
A patient presents with cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis, acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. What do you expect to see on the gram stain?
strep pyogenes | gram +ve cocci in chains
33
A patient presents with cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis, acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. What is the expected result of a ASOT test for this causative pathogen?
strep pyogenes | ASOT +ve (streptolysin O)
34
A patient presents with cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis, acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. How would you treat this patient?
strep pyogenes | IV Benzylpenicillin
35
What virulence factor is responsible for toxic shock syndrome in a strep pyogenes infection?
strep pyogenes | Pyrogenic exotoxin
36
What virulence factor is responsible for necrotising fasciitis in a staph aureus infection?
staph aureus | PVL
37
What virulence factor is responsible for necrotising fasciitis in a strep pyogenes infection?
strep pyogenes | M Protein
38
method of acquisition of staph aureus?
ingestion (fecal-oral) for gastroenteritis | direct contact
39
method of acquisition of staph epidermidis?
medical device contamination
40
method of acquisition of staph saprophyticus?
direct skin contact
41
A patient presents with cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis, acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. What is the method of acquisition of this causative pathogen and what precautions should be taken?
strep pyogenes inhalation and droplet transmission droplet precaution isolation for first 24 hours of Abx therapy
42
A patient presents with cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis, acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. what haemolysis is observed and what agar was used?
strep pyogenes | Beta on blood agar (clear)
43
A patient presents with cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis, acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. What is the expected result of the lancefield test for this causative pathogen?
strep pyogenes | group A
44
A neonate presents with sepsis and meningitis. The causative pathogen was found to be bacitracin resistant. what is this pathogen and how is it transmitted? what gram stain is expected?
strep agalactiae - congenital (vertical) | gram +ve cocci in chains
45
A neonate presents with sepsis and meningitis. The causative pathogen was found to be bacitracin resistant. What is the expected result of the lancefield test for this causative pathogen?
strep agalactiae | group B
46
A neonate presents with sepsis and meningitis. The causative pathogen was found to be strep agalactiae. What is the expected result of the bacitracin test for this causative pathogen?
strep agalactiae | resistant
47
A neonate presents with sepsis and meningitis. The causative pathogen was found to be bacitracin resistant. what haemolysis is observed and what agar was used?
strep agalactiae | Beta on blood agar (clear)
48
A neonate presents with sepsis and meningitis. The causative pathogen was found to be bacitracin resistant. How would you treat this patient?
strep agalactiae | IV Benzylpenicillin
49
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. What is the causative pathogen?
strep pneumoniae
50
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. What haemolysis is expected and what agar is used?
strep pneumoniae | alpha on blood agar (green)
51
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. What is the gram stain observed
strep pneumoniae | gram +ve diplococci
52
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. what is the expected result of an optochin test?
strep pneumoniae | sensitive
53
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. what is the bile solubility of this pathogen?
strep pneumoniae | bile soluble
54
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. How is this pathogen transmitted?
strep pneumoniae | inhalation/ droplet
55
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. What is the expected result of a catalase test for this causative pathogen?
strep pneumoniae | catalase -ve
56
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. how would you treat this patient's CAP?
strep pneumoniae | macrolide (clarithromycin)
57
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. how would you treat this patient's meningitis?
strep pneumoniae | ceftriaxone
58
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. what vaccine is recommended?
PCV-13 (children) | PPV-23 (adults)
59
A patient presents with CAP, sinusitis, meningitis and otitis media. What Abx resistance is displayed by this pathogen and what is the mechanism of resistance?
B-lactams | altered pbp2
60
a patient presents with an alpha haemolytic strep which is optochin resistant. what is the pathogen?
strep viridans
61
a patient presents with strep viridans. what is the result of the optochin test?
strep viridans | resistant
62
which strep viridans is responsible for causing colon cancer?
strep bovis
63
which strep viridans is responsible for causing dental problems?
strep mutans
64
which strep viridans is responsible for causing infective endocarditis?
strep mitis
65
Is strep viridans encapsulated?
nope
66
a patient presents with aspiration pneumonia, an intraabdominal abscess and pelvic inflammation. this strep is anaerobic. what is the pathogen?
peptostreptococcus
67
A patient presents with a UTI, infective endocarditis and a wound infection. the pathogen is bile soluble and grows on MacConkey agar. what is the causative pathogen?
enterococci
68
what agar is used to grow enterococci? what is special about this agar?
enterococci | macConkey agar - 6.5% NaCl
69
A patient presents with a UTI, infective endocarditis and a wound infection. the pathogen is bile soluble and grows on MacConkey agar. What is the expected gram stain?
enterococci | gram +ve cocci in short chains
70
A patient presents with a UTI, infective endocarditis and a wound infection. the pathogen is bile soluble and grows on MacConkey agar. what is the result of the oxidase test?
enterococci | -ve
71
A patient presents with a UTI, infective endocarditis and a wound infection. the pathogen is bile soluble and grows on MacConkey agar. what is the result of the catalase test?
enterococci | -ve
72
A patient presents with a UTI, infective endocarditis and a wound infection. the pathogen is bile soluble and grows on MacConkey agar. what is the result of the coagulase test?
enterococci | -ve
73
A patient presents with a UTI, infective endocarditis and a wound infection. the pathogen is bile soluble and grows on MacConkey agar. how would you treat this patient empirically?
enterococci | amoxicillin
74
A patient presents with a UTI, infective endocarditis and a wound infection. the pathogen is bile soluble and grows on MacConkey agar. how would you treat this patient if the pathogen was B lactam resistant?
enterococci | vancomycin
75
A patient presents with a UTI, infective endocarditis and a wound infection. the pathogen is bile soluble and grows on MacConkey agar. how would you treat this patient if the pathogen was VRE?
enterococci | linezolid
76
which patients are at increased risk of acquiring and enterococci infection? (taking certain Abx)
enterococci | cephalosporin or an aminoglycoside
77
method of acquisition of enterococci?
contact | ingestion (fecal-oral)
78
A patient presents with a UTI with cystitis and peritonitis. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. what is the most likely causative agent?
e coli
79
A patient presents with a UTI with cystitis and peritonitis. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. what is this pink colour?
e coli | lactose fermentation
80
A patient presents with a UTI with cystitis and peritonitis. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. what is the expected result from a catalase and coagulase test?
e coli catalase -ve coagulase +ve
81
A patient presents with a UTI with cystitis and peritonitis. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. what is observed on the gram stain?
e coli | gram -ve bacilli
82
A patient presents with gastroenteritis with watery diarrhea. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. what is the expected pathogen?
e coli | ETEC
83
A patient presents with gastroenteritis watery diarrhea. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. What body site is this pathogen found?
ETEC | small intestine
84
A patient presents with gastroenteritis watery diarrhea. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. what virulence factor causes this presentation?
ETEC | heat labile or cholera exotoxin
85
A patient presents with gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea and vomiting. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. what is the expected pathogen?
VTEC (O157:H7)
86
A patient presents with gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea and vomiting. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. What body site is this pathogen found?
VTEC (O157:H7) | colon
87
A patient presents with gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea and vomiting. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. what virulence factor causes this presentation?
VTEC (O157:H7) shiga exotoxin heat labile and/or stable
88
what pathogen causes hemolytic uremic syndrome?
VTEC (O157:H7)
89
what virulence factor of e coli is responsible for causing neonatal meningitis?
K antigen (capsule)
90
A patient presents with VAP and a UTI. An endotracheal aspirate was sent to the lab and a pink colour was observed on macconkey agar. what is the most likely causative agent and the gram stain?
klebsiella pneumoniae | gram -ve bacilli
91
A patient presents with a lower UTI with cystitis and peritonitis. a urine sample is sent to the lab and plated on Macconkey agar. a pink colour was observed. how would you treat this patient?
E coli co-amoxiclav and cefuroxime lower UTI - trimethoprim complicated UTI - gentamicin and cefuroxime
92
A patient presents with VAP and a UTI with cystitis and red jelly-like sputum. is this pathogen motile?
klebsiella pneumoniae | NOPE
93
A patient presents with necrotising VAP and a UTI with cystitis and red sputum. what agar would this pathogen be grown on?
klebsiella pneumoniae | MacConkey
94
A patient presents with necrotising VAP and a UTI. An endotracheal aspirate was sent to the lab and a pink colour was observed on macconkey agar. what does this pink colour indicate?
klebsiella pneumoniae | lactose fermenting
95
A patient presents with VAP and a UTI with cystitis and red jelly-like sputum. How would you treat this patient?
klebsiella pneumoniae Amoxicillin or co-amoxiclav (empiric) fluoroquinolone
96
is e coli encapsulated?
YES
97
is klebsiella pneumoniae encapsulated?
YES you bitch - mucopolysaccharide capsule
98
klebsiella pneumoniae is developing resistance to B lactams including cephalosporins. what is this mechanism of resistance?
ESBL
99
A patient presents with a UTI and renal calculi. he has a catheter in place. The cultures have a fishy smell. what is the expected pathogen and gram stain?
Proteus mirabilis | gram -ve bacilli
100
A patient presents with a UTI and renal calculi. he has a catheter in place. The cultures have a fishy smell. what is expected on macConkey agar?
Proteus mirabilis | non-lactose fermenting (colourless)
101
A patient presents with a UTI and renal calculi. he has a catheter in place. The cultures have a fishy smell. What is expected on blood agar? Why?
Proteus mirabilis | Swarming (concentric circles) due to peritrichous flagella
102
A patient presents with a UTI and renal calculi. he has a catheter in place. The cultures have a fishy smell. How would you treat this patient?
Proteus mirabilis | co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
103
what is the result of a catalase test of klebsiella?
+ve
104
what is the result of a catalase test of proteus?
+ve
105
is proteus mirabilis encapsulated?
YEEE

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