Where is the family Bunyarviridae isolated from?
Uganda
What are the five genera of bunyarviridae?
orthobunyavirus phebovirus nairovirus hantavirus tospovirus
Which genera are arboviruses (arthropodborne virus)
Orthobunyavirus
phebovirus
nairovirus
When are bunyaviruses the most active (weather)?
***RAINY SEASON
T/F: Bunyaviruses are not sensitive to heat and acid
FALSE
They are sensitive to heat and acid - also inactivated by lipid solvents. detergents, disinfectants
What sense (negative or positive) RNA are bunyaviruses composed of?
negative sense
What is special about the genome of bunyaviruses?
It is segmented (3 segments)
What are the 3 segments of the bunyavirus genome and what do they encode for?
L: RNA dependent RNA polymerase
M: Glycoproteins - Gn, Gc
S: Nucleocapsid protein
What bunyavirus is present in North America and of zoonotic concern? How is it transmitted?
La Crosse Virus - transmitted via mosquitoes
Who are the hosts of the Akabane Virus?
Small ruminants and cows
*Africa, Asia, Japan
What animals are the most susceptible to the Akabane Virus?
Pregnant animals (mostly cows)
What clinical signs will be seen in animals infected with the Akabane virus? Signs in the fetus or new born?
No apparent signs in adults
Fetus - death and abortion
Neonates: hydranencephaly (virus replication in CNS)
Arthrogyposis (virus replicates in the muscle)
T/F: If a neonate survives being born with Akabane virus, it will gain immunity
False - adults will gain immunity after infection, but the fetus will not
Is these a vaccine for akabane virus?
Vaccine is available
What genera does the Rift Valley Fever Virus belong to?
Phebovirus
What is the “silent cycle” of the Rift valley fever virus?
During dry season or between heavy rainful
Rain will increase the amount of mosquitoes to spread the virus
Who are the hosts of the rift valley fever virus?
sheep/goats/cattle
T/F: In pregnant ewes and cows with Rift valley fever virus, 90-100% will abort
TRUE
T/F: Adult cows have more severe disease than goats/sheep when infected with Rift valley fever virus
FALSE
Mortality in cows: 10-30%
Mortality in lambs: 90% Mortality in adult sheep: 20-60%
Where does the rift valley virus replicate inside the host?
lymphoreticuloorgans
What are the most common causes of death associated with rift valley fever virus?
Hepatic necrosis and renal failure
Where do bunyaviruses replicate in the cell?
cytoplasm
T/F: Rift valley fever virus is zoonotic
TRUE
