Bus Com Exam 1

Question 1

A process of human being responding to verbal and non-verbal behavior. A human survival skill needed to maintain contact with the world.

Answer 1

What is communication?

Question 2

Communication can be verbal and/or nonverbal-verbal communication is the words we speak (language/message)

Answer 2

Communication can be verbal and/or nonverbal-nonverbal communication is done without words

Question 3

-Communication is the key to getting your message across to others clearly and concise.-Most employers place communication skills as a requirement in most positions-Communication is the key to building relationships

Answer 3

Why study communication?

Question 4

-message-sender-receiver -channel-feedback

Answer 4

Communication ProcessWe know that communication is a process and that process has several key components we need to understandComponents:

Question 5

1. Communication is constant2. Communication is transactional3. Communication is a process4. Communication is Irreversible5. Communication is Learned

Answer 5

Principles of Communication

Question 6

There is not a moment when you are not in the process of communication. Your communicating with your body language, your internal monologue or your clothing. It is done intentionally or unintentionally.

Answer 6

1. Communication is constant

Question 7

Meaning and interpretation of communication is part of the individual. Who they are and what they believe will contribute to their interpretation and response to the message.

Answer 7

2. Communication is transactional

Question 8

-Communication is a process where people come together, communicate, then part. That communication can never be perfectly duplicated again showing that communication is a process of constant change.

Answer 8

$Communication is a process

Question 9

-Words and gestures can not be taken back. They make a impact on people that last forever. Being aware of what you say and do can only make you a better communicator.

Answer 9

$Communication is Irreversible

Question 10

-Knowledge of communication is learned through our interactions with others. Between birth and 6 months all babies make similar sounds and gestures but begin to irate their caregivers using language around 6 and 9 months old

Answer 10

$Communication is Learned

Question 11

-verbal communication is the use of words to communicate; known as language -language allows us to verbally communicate and it has basic principles we need to understand to communicate effectively

Answer 11

Verbal Communication

Question 12

-language has Rules-our Reality is shaped by Our Language $-language is arbitrary and symbolic$-language is abstract$-language organizes and classifies reality

Answer 12

Principles of Verbal Communication:

Question 13

-language has Rules$–three type of rules govern our use of words, when we use them, and how we interpret them1. syntactic rules:2. semantic rules:3. contextual rules:

Answer 13

-language has Rules

Question 14

rules that govern where words come in a sentence. Ie: in English you would say “a happy person” but in Spanish you would say “una persona contenta”

Answer 14

$ syntactic rules:

Question 15

rules that govern the meaning of words and guideline on how we interpret them ie: if we didn’t agree we would make our own words and use them our own way making communication impossible.

Answer 15

$ semantic rules:

Question 16

rules that govern meaning and work choice according to context and social custom ie: the word can mean things, whether spoken by a judge, instructor, or a child

Answer 16

$ contextual rules:

Question 17

–the wharf/Sapir hypothesis states, “our perception of reality is determined by our thought process and our thought processed are limited by language and therefore language shapes our reality”–our experiences become like sunglasses tinting the way we see the world and those experiences are understood by our language

Answer 17

-our Reality is shaped by Our Language

Question 18

–arbitrary symbols are letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. A set of these symbols make up our agreed upon alphabet letters and sounds associated with them. These letters are then used to make words.—words have denotative meaning which is the dictionary meaning and sometimes have a connotative meaning and sometimes have a connotative meaning which is the unique to a group of people

Answer 18

$-language is arbitrary and symbolic

Question 19

–words represent things and ideas in our environment and can simplify otherwise complex concepts —ladder of abstraction :—- abstract (living creatures, mammal, horse, “silver”) —-concrete

Answer 19

$-language is abstract

Question 20

–our language organizes and classifies our realities –we classify things based on their association and then organize them within ourselves ie: black being associated with bad and white with good

Answer 20

$-language organizes and classifies reality

Question 21

$-equivocal terms: $-euphemism:

Answer 21

Verbal Miscommunication

Question 22

$- words that have more than one meaning–example: since there is no time like the present, he thought it was time to present the present & the bandage was wound around the wound & when I disturbed the dove it dove into the bushes

Answer 22

equivocal terms:

Question 23

$- a pleasant term substituted for a more direct, less pleasant term–example: instead of saying “the old woman died” one might substitute “ the old woman expired” or “the old woman has been called to heaven”

Answer 23

euphemism

Question 24

$-actively listen to the speaker: -check your understanding: -define your terms: -use concrete words: $-know the difference between objectively and subjectively:

Answer 24

$Improving Verbal Communication Using our knowledge of some barriers and misinterpretation of communication let us touch on some ways to improve.

Question 25

$-actively listen to the speaker: focus on what the speaker is saying-check your understanding: ask did you mean _____by saying this _____-define your terms: make sure the person your speaking to understands the meaning of the word before you use it

Answer 25

-use concrete words: “silver” is a horse but a specific horse within a specific context. Make sure you discuss the context terms so all will understand them$-know the difference between objectively and subjectively: objectively is just the facts and subjectively is facts and your interpretation of them

Question 26

Is communicating without the use of verbal language

Answer 26

$Non-Verbal Communication

Question 27

Principles Non-Verbal Communication $Non-verbal communication is fluid$Non-verbal communication is fast$Non-verbal communication can add to or replace verbal communication

Answer 27

Principles Non-Verbal Communication $Non-verbal communication is universal$Non-verbal communication is confusing and contextual $Non-verbal communication can be intentional or unintentional

Question 28

-much like water, nonverbal communication keeps moving and can not be undone. It is so fluid sometimes it is hard to know when one message stops an another begins

Answer 28

$Non-verbal communication is fluid

Question 29

-a frown or an uneasy disposition can give away our feelings before we even complete a sentence. It can make it difficult to catch some signals because they happen so quickly

Answer 29

$Non-verbal communication is fast

Question 30

-when giving directions we might say “go to your right” along with pointing our finger to the right at the same time-sometimes we may answer a question with just a nod to answer a question in place of speaking

Answer 30

$Non-verbal communication can add to or replace verbal communication

Question 31

-many times in our lives we find ourselves in situation where verbal communication just will not work, nonverbal communication offer save day-nonverbal communication is universal but gestures sometimes are not

Answer 31

$Non-verbal communication is universal

Question 32

-what a sender may think they are conveying might be perceived different by the receiver-raised arms by a student in a classroom and raised arms by a person being arrested mean different things due to the context of situation

Answer 32

$Non-verbal communication is confusing and contextual

Question 33

-if a car pulled out in front of you while driving would your actions be intentional or unintentional? Probably they would be a mixture of both.

Answer 33

$Non-verbal communication can be intentional or unintentional

Question 34

$Space:Proxemics:$Facial Expressions:$Eye Contact:$Body language:$Hand gestures:$Touch:silent

Answer 34

$Types of Non-verbal Communication

Question 35

how we use space communicate to othersProxemics: the study of how people use spacePersonal space is like a bubble that moves with you. Some people are very possessive of their personal space. Women tend to have smaller personal space bubbles then men

Answer 35

$Space:

Question 36

convey emotions more than anything else.There are six primary emotions that have distinct facial expression: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. The facial expression that convey these six emotions appear to be universal.

Answer 36

Facial expressions

Question 37

This is also called mutual gaze. It is the duration of eye contact between people that is most meaningful.Those who engage in high levels of mutual gaze are likely to be perceived as having effective social skills and credibilityOne study found that servers that squatted down to take orders received higher tips then others who stood next to their customers. Why do you think that is so?

Answer 37

$Eye Contact:

Question 38

Kinesics: the study of communication through body movementsBody movement: those of the head, trunk, hands, legs, and feet can be used to communicateBody language can show a person’s tension or relaxation. Sometimes it can show feelings people have for each other.

Answer 38

$Body language:

Question 39

Hand gestures are used primarily to regulate conversations and to supplement speech.

Answer 39

$Hand gestures:

Question 40

is used to refer to an object or person who is the subject of conversation. Ie: you might point to a casket you are commenting on.

Answer 40

“referencing gesture”

Question 41

is used to stress a point that is being made verbally. Ie: you might slam your hand onto a desk to emphasize the importance of your statement.

Answer 41

“gesture of emphasis”

Question 42

mimic what is being said ie: when describing a hearse weaving in and out of traffic you might make. Weaving motion with your hand.”Remember - gestures are NOT universal”

Answer 42

$”Demonstrative gesture”

Question 43

can express support, consolation, and many other meanings.How people interpret the possible messages communicated by touch depends on the age, gender of the two individuals involved, the setting in which the touching takes place, and the relationship between the one touching and recipient, among other things.

Answer 43

Touch

Question 44

$Sometimes we have silent non-verbal cues that communicate things about us to other people. For example if you are a very fit, muscular person you might be communicate to others that you are concerned about your physical self. We do not always read non-verbal cues correctly

Answer 44

silent

Question 45

1. Watch Reactions2. Study and watch people to notice responses and actions3. Have an Observer4. Be watched by another for constructive criticism or record yourself5. Focus on a Specific Type6. How do others use their hands? Does this change based on a variable (gender, age, cultural background, context, etc)

Answer 45

$Improving Your Non-Verbal Communication

Question 46

IntrapersonalInterpersonal GroupPublicMass

Answer 46

$ 5 Types of CommunicationWe use different types of communication daily. By understanding communication types we can better communicate when using them.We will look at each type individually to fully understand

Question 47

is the communication we do within ourselves. It includes self talk, imagination, and visualization It can be positive or negative

Answer 47

$Intrapersonal communication

Question 48

is communication between two people$Relationships with others are formed particularly with interpersonal communication.

Answer 48

$Interpersonal communication

Question 49

information, thoughts, or feelings, we tell others about ourselves that they would not otherwise know ie learning that someone has a relative in Ohio

Answer 49

$ Self disclosure:Relationships develop with the use of self-disclosure

Question 50

an expressed struggle between at least two people who perceive incompatible goals or interference from the other person in achieving their goals.

Answer 50

$ Conflict: With any relationship comes conflict. Conflict must be must be managed if the relationship is going to be long lasting.

Question 51

$ Win-lose: $Lose-lose: $ Win-win:

Answer 51

When managing conflict there are three possible outcomes.

Question 52

you make big casket sale but buyer pays more then they want. This is the outcome we experience in our society most often.

Answer 52

$ Win-lose:

Question 53

you don’t make a sale and buyer doesn’t get what they want.

Answer 53

$Lose-lose:

Question 54

you make descent sale and buyer gets what they wAnt at a descent price. Most desirable

Answer 54

$ Win-win:

Question 55

the emotional tone of a relationship -some of us have positive climates in our relationships and other might have negative climates. Can you guess if the communication is positive or negative in these types of climates?

Answer 55

$-climate:Every relationship has its own climate that affects the communication

Question 56

is communicating with 3 to 8 people$Members of the group must be able to communicate freely and openly with all of the other members of the group $A group must have a common purpose or goal and they must work together to achieve that goal. The goal brings the group together and holds it together through conflict and tension.

Answer 56

$Group communicationIt is often said that groups are often capable of producing higher quality work and better decisions then an individual working alone. It’s is why many people work in groups.$Other reasons why people join groups are to meet their interpersonal needs. Ie: to learn, to grow, for problem-solving, for social needs

Question 57

Groups that are formed tend to belong to one of the three types:

Answer 57

$Social group$Work group$Emergent groups

Question 58

• friends, families, and social clubs

Answer 58

$Social group

Question 59

• co-workers, school organizations, or juries

Answer 59

$Work group

Question 60

• some groups form spontaneously, such group of friends and then might change to social or work groups over time. (Temporary into social)

Answer 60

$Emergent groups

Question 61

1. Forming: 2. Storming: 3. Norming: 4. Performing: 5. Adjourning:

Answer 61

$Tuckman’s Small Group Development Theory:$The 5 Stages of DevelopmentA group will go through stages of development, called Tuckman’s Small Group Development Theory. Not all groups take the same amount of time on the stages but all groups will go through the 5 stages

Question 62

in the forming stage, group members learn about each other and the task at hand ( working hard to know each other)

Answer 62

1. Forming:

Question 63

as group members become more comfortable with each other, conflicts Are going to arise, and the members of the group will establish roles. (Arguing)

Answer 63

2. Storming:

Question 64

group members establish rules about how they will achieve their goal

Answer 64

3. Norming:

Question 65

groups reach a goal and implement the goal

Answer 65

4. Performing:

Question 66

as the group project ends, the members go their separate ways

Answer 66

5. Adjourning:

Question 67

$Positive Member RoleInitiator-contributor: generates new ideasElaborator: explains ideas within the group, offers examples to clarify ideasCoordinator: brings ideas, info, and suggestions togetherEvaluator-critic: evaluates ideas and provides constructive criticismRecorder: keeps a record of group actions

Answer 67

$Negative Member RoleDominator: asserts control over the group by not allowing others to take their turnRecognition seeker: calls attention to himself or herselfBlocker: resists attempts t consensus consistentlyJoker or clown: seeks attention through humor and distracts group members

Question 68

When a group has conflict it will often turn to decision making methods to help come to a consensus.$-consensus is an agreement between group members about a decision

Answer 68

$Some decision making methods are:Expert opinion: agreeing and going with what the experts sayAuthority rule: agreeing and going with what the authority (boss) saysMajority control: agreeing and going with what the majority of the group wants

Question 69

is communication with one person speaking with limited verbal feedback-the speaker may ask questions, and engage the audience in discussion but unlike group communication, one person speaks and the group listens

Answer 69

$Public communication When speaking in public one needs to be aware of the “purpose” of their speech and their “audience”.

Question 70

$-the “purpose” of public communication can be to inform, persuade (hardest), or entertainKnowing about your “audience” members can help you be better prepared for public communication.

Answer 70

$Your audience members might be there because they are a:Passers by: these individuals just happen to be in the area (hardest)Captives: these individuals are there because they have to be thereVolunteers: these people are there by there by their own free will ( easiest)

Question 71

is communicating by using technological devices. It has the ability to reach great distances and influence large audience.$Some types of mass communication are:Newspaper, magazine, radio, television, and the Internet

Answer 71

$Mass communication$Mass communication is powerful force! It can shape attitudes, opinions, values, and sense of priorities.