Buzzwords

Question 1

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

Answer 1

Most likely pneumonia

Question 2

ABCDE of pulmonary oedema

Answer 2

Alveolar bat wings
Kerley B lines 
Cardiomegaly 
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels 
Pleural effusion

Question 3

Ground glass appearance on X-Ray

Answer 3

Pulmonary fibrosis

Respiratory distress of the newborn

Question 4

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

Answer 4

TB

Question 5

Caseous necrosis

Answer 5

TB

Question 6

Apical disease

Answer 6

Most likely (secondary TB)

Question 7

What is apical lesion called?

Answer 7

Assmann focus

Question 8

What is miliary TB?

Answer 8

Spread of organism into bloodstream

Question 9

If miliary TB spreads through the pulmonary artery what happens?

Answer 9

Miliary dissemination into the lung occurs

Question 10

If miliary TB spreads through the pulmonary vein what happens?

Answer 10

Systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen and kidneys

Question 11

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Answer 11

Goodpastures syndrome

Question 12

Chest infection with parrot/pigeon as a pet

Answer 12

Chlamydophila psittaci

Question 13

Dry cough and diRrhoe after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

Answer 13

Legionella pneumophilia

Question 14

Test for legionella pneumophilia

Answer 14

Urine antigen test

Question 15

“Tall, thin man who indulges in marajuana” (a.k.a snoop dog)

Answer 15

Probably pneumothorax (marfans)

Question 16

What is marfans syndrome?

Answer 16

Connective tissue disorder

Predisposes to pneumothorax

Question 17

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy 
Erythema nodosum 
Granulomas 
Fatigue 
Uveitis 
Weight loss

Answer 17

Sarcoidosis

Question 18

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole on CT (signet ring sign)

Answer 18

Bronchiectasis

Question 19

D sign on X-Ray

Answer 19

Empyema

Question 20

Steeple sign on X-Ray

Answer 20

Latyngotracheobronchitis

Croup

Question 21

Child with barking cough

Answer 21

Croup

Question 22

Pneumonia with HIV

Answer 22

Pneumocystis pneumoniae

Question 23

Treatment for pneumocystis pneumoniae

Answer 23

Cotramoxazole

Prednisolone if severe

Question 24

Samters triad

Answer 24

Asthma
Nasal polyps
Salicylate sensitivity

Question 25

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumoniae)

Answer 25

Klebsiella

Question 26

Klebsiella sputum colour

Answer 26

Red jelly sputum

Question 27

Chlamydia psittaci

Answer 27

Mucoid sputum

Question 28

Pneumococcal sputum colour

Answer 28

Mucoid sputum

Question 29

Cannonball metastasis | also weight loss and hEmaturia

Answer 29

Primary renal cell carcinoma

Question 30

Morning headache

Answer 30

Hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

Question 31

ACTH secreting lung tumour

Answer 31

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 32

PTH secreting lung tumour

Answer 32

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 33

Neuroendorine, highly malignant and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

Answer 33

Small cell carcinoma

Question 34

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

Answer 34

Sarcoidosis

Question 35

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

Answer 35

Silicosis

Question 36

'Heart failure' cells seen in alveolar spaces | Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderjn

Answer 36

Chronic pulmonary oedema LV heart failure Also seen in long standing pulmonary hypertension

Question 37

Area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung beneath the pleura - found in TB

Answer 37

Ghon focus

Question 38

Coin lesion on CXR

Answer 38

``` Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma Metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney) Hamartimcarcionoid tumour Granulomatous formation Lung abscess ```

Question 39

Pancoasts tumour causes

Answer 39

Horner's syndrome

Question 40

Signs for Horner's syndrome

Answer 40

``` Ptosis Enophthalmos Meiosis Unilateral lack of sweating (Due to invasion of cervical sympathetic chain) ```

Question 41

Stony dull to percuss

Answer 41

Pleural effusion

Question 42

cANCA test positive

Answer 42

Granulomatous with polyangitis (GPA)

Question 43

Holy leaf sign

Answer 43

Pleural plaques

Question 44

Respiratory causes of clubbing

Answer 44

``` A - abscess B - bronchiectasis (including CF) C - Carcinoma of the lung D - Decreased PaO2 (hypoxia) E - Empyema F - Fibrotic lung disease ```

Question 45

Causes of pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 45

``` B - bloody in R - radiation E - extrinsic allergic alveolitis A - ankylosing spondylitis S - sarcoidosis T - tuberculosis ``` C - cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis A - asbestosis