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microbiology > C-13 > Flashcards

C-13 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major pathogen that causes urinary tract infections?

A

E. coli; has adhesions on fimbriae to stick to urethra; lives in colon

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2
Q

what bacteria is found in the urethra

A

lactobacilli

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3
Q

inflammation in kidneys

A

pyelonephritis (no bacteria in kidneys)

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4
Q

inflammation of bladder

A

cystitis (no bacteria in bladder)

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5
Q

inflammation of urethra

A

urethritis (bacteria in urethra)

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6
Q

What are some risk factors for urinary tract infections?

A
  • Having female anatomy
  • Being a pre-adolescent or post-menopausal female
  • Having an enlarged prostate gland
  • Catheter use
  • Not drinking adequate fluids
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7
Q

UTI signs and treatment

A
  • Intense urgent, frequent, and painful urination with or
    without blood in the urine
  • antibiotics
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8
Q

What is the causative agent of bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • Gardnerella vaginalis
  • fishy odor
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9
Q

Which bacterial STI is caused by a
spirochete? What are 4 stages of infection? How is it treated?

A
  • syphilis
  • primary, secondary, latent, tertiary
  • penicillin
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10
Q

What is the most predominant bacterial resident of the vagina?How do hormones affect its growth? What does this resident do to prevent infection?

A
  • Lactobacilli
  • Estrogens cause cells to produce glycogen that Lactobacilli ferment into lactic acid
  • Lactic acid lowers the pH and makes the vagina in hospitable to other organisms
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11
Q

What allows UPEC to move from the urethra up the urinary tract to cause cystitis and pyelonephritis? What can help prevent these bacteria from infecting the urinary tract?

A

flagella; more fluids

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12
Q

What is the most common bacterial STI? What structure is this bacterial pathogen missing and how does that impact how it’s treated?

A

Chlamydia; Missing a cell wall – can’t use cell wall targeting antibiotics like penicillin

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13
Q

Which virus causes genital herpes? Where does this virus “hang out” during latent infection?

A

HSV-2; Nerve cell ganglia (usually sacral ganglia)

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14
Q

What viruses cause genital warts? How is infection prevented?

A

Human papillomaviruses (HPV)s; Gardisil 9 vaccine, barriers during sex, screening

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15
Q

What causes AIDS? How is it different from HIV?

A

Caused by HIV – human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS is a syndrome – collection of diseases associated with HIV+

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16
Q

how is HSV-2 treated

A

nucleoside analogs like acyclovir

17
Q

how is HPV treated

A

wart removal

18
Q

how is HIV treated

A

ART – antiretroviral therapy

19
Q

What is the causative agent of vaginal candidiasis? What can cause vaginal candidiasis to develop? How is it treated?

A

Candida albicans; Antibiotic treatment that kills normal flora; Antifungals – azoles

20
Q

Which STI is caused by Neisseria gonorrheae? What does Neisseria gonorrheae look like? What are the signs and symptoms of infection? How is this infection treated?

A

Gonorrhea “The clap”; Gram negative diplococci; Symptomatic in males more than females – burning with urination, pus/dischargeurination, pus/discharge; Currently treated with ceftriaxone plus azithromycin

21
Q

What causes Trichomoniasis? What kind of organism is it? What are signs and symptoms? How is it treated?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis; Protozoan; Symptomatic in females – green/yellow smelly
discharge, vaginal irritation and lesions; Azole therapy for both patient and partner

22
Q

Which STIs can be asymptomatic for females?

A

Gonorrhea
Chlamydia

23
Q

Which STIs can be asymptomatic for males?

A

Trichomoniasis

24
Q

which pathogen can influence recurrent urinary tract infections by E. coli? What other disease does it cause?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis
Bacterial Vaginosis

25
Q

characteristics of Primary syphilis

A

hard, painless chancre

26
Q

characteristics of Secondary syphilis

A

variable rash

27
Q

characteristics of Tertiary syphilis

A

formation of gumma, neurological
issues

microbiology (15 decks)

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