C1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

Atoms are very small particles made up of a electrons orbiting a nucleus.

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A single pure substance made up of a single type of atom, found in the periodic table.

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

Something made up from different elements, chemically bonded together.

Question 4

What is a mixture?

Answer 4

A mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together.

Question 5

What is the nucleus made up of?

Answer 5

Protons and neutrons.

Question 6

What orbits the nucleus?

Answer 6

Electrons

Question 7

What is the big number called?

Answer 7

Mass number

Question 8

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 8

Protons + neutrons.

Question 9

What is the small number?

Answer 9

The atomic number.

Question 10

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 10

Number of protons.

Question 11

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

Answer 11

Electrons, neutrons, protons.

Question 12

What was the Greek model of the atom?

Answer 12

The smallest thing you could get was an atom ( small, hard sphere).

Question 13

Who discovered the election?

Answer 13

JJ Thompson

Question 14

What was the plum pudding model?

Answer 14

Blob of positive charge with negative charge dotted around like plums in a pudding.

Question 15

Who discovered the proton?

Answer 15

Ernest Rutherford

Question 16

What was the nuclear model?

Answer 16

Hard, dense nucleus in middle of the atom because only a small number of alpha particles hit it.

Question 17

What was Rutherford’s scattering experiment?

Answer 17

Rutherford’s scattering experiment helped to explain the reflection of alpha particles. He fired alpha particles at a gold sheet.

Question 18

What was the Bhor model?

Answer 18

The Bhor model suggested by Niels Bohr helped to explain why electrons were found in shells/ energy levels.

Question 19

Who discovered the neutron?

Answer 19

James Chadwick

Question 20

What did James Chadwick help to explain?

Answer 20

He helped to explain why some atoms of the same element were heavier than others.

Question 21

What is abundance?

Answer 21

How common something is.

Question 22

What is an isotope?

Answer 22

Atoms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 23

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

How many electrons can the second shell hold?

Answer 24

8

Question 25

Why do electrons orbit the nucleus?

Answer 25

They are held there by electrostatic attraction. The negatively charged electrons are drawn to the positive charge of the protons/nucleus.

Question 26

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 26

0 (very small)

Question 27

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 27

1

Question 28

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 28

1

Question 29

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 29

-1

Question 30

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 30

+1

Question 31

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 31

0

Question 32

In Rutherford's scattering experiment, how many alpha particles fired back?

Answer 32

1 in 8000.

Question 33

What is an ion?

Answer 33

An atom that has lost or gained electrons.

Question 34

Why do atoms try to gain/lose electrons?

Answer 34

So that they have a full outer shell and become more stable.

Question 35

What are Group 0 known as?

Answer 35

Noble gases

Question 36

What are Group 7 known as?

Answer 36

Halogens

Question 37

What are Group 1 known as?

Answer 37

Alkali metals

Question 38

What are Group 2 known as?

Answer 38

Alkali Earth metals

Question 39

What are rows in the periodic table known as?

Answer 39

Periods

Question 40

What are columns in the periodic table known as?

Answer 40

Groups

Question 41

Why are Group 0 elements unreactive?

Answer 41

Because they are already stable.

Question 42

What happens to reactivity in Group 1?

Answer 42

As you go down the group, the elements become more reactive.

Question 43

What happens to meeting point in Group 1?

Answer 43

As you go down the group, melting point decreases.

Question 44

What happens as the distance between the nucleus and the outer shell increases?

Answer 44

Larger atomic radius means more election shells+ shielding so distance gets bigger, attraction is weaker and electrons are more easily lost.

Question 45

What happens as you go down Group 1?

Answer 45

Reactivity decreases

Question 46

What physical properties do transition metals have?

Answer 46

Good conductors, high meeting points, high densities, hard and tough, can be hammered/bent easily into shape.

Question 47

What chemical properties do transition metals have?

Answer 47

Less reactive than alkali metals, form coloured ions of different charges, catalysts.

Question 48

What are alloys?

Answer 48

Metal mixed in with another atom so no layers, jumbled pattern.

Question 49

What are the 5 separation techniques?

Answer 49

Filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography, fractional distillation.

Question 50

What is filtration?

Answer 50

Separates insoluble solid from a liquid.

Question 51

What is evaporation?

Answer 51

Separates a soluble solid from a solution.

Question 52

What is distillation?

Answer 52

Separates liquid from a solution.

Question 53

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 53

Separates crude oil.

Question 54

What is chromatography?

Answer 54

Separates mixtures of coloured compounds.

Question 55

Metal + oxygen→

Answer 55

Metal oxide

Question 56

Metal + chlorine →

Answer 56

Metal chloride

Question 57

Metal + water →

Answer 57

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 58

Acid + metal →

Answer 58

Metal salt + hydrogen

Question 59

Acid + alkali →

Answer 59

Metal salt + water

Question 60

Acid + metal oxide →

Answer 60

Metal salt + water

Question 61

How did Mendeleev organise the periodic table?

Answer 61

In order of increasing atomic mass.

Question 62

Acid + carbonate →

Answer 62

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 63

What salt does sulfuric acid make?

Answer 63

Sulfate

Question 64

What salt does hydrochloric acid make?

Answer 64

Chloride

Question 65

What salt does nitric acid make?

Answer 65

Nitrate

Question 66

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table?

Answer 66

For undiscovered elements.

Question 67

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 67

0.1 nm (1 × 10 -10 m)

Question 68

What is the radius of a nucleus?

Answer 68

(1 × 10 -14 m) is less than 1 / 10 , 000 of the radius of an atom.