C2 Structure And Bonding

Question 1

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 1

Electrons are transferred from a metal to a non metal

Question 2

How are ions held together?

Answer 2

Electrostatic attraction

Question 3

What happens when the difference in charge increases?

Answer 3

The attraction is stronger

Question 4

What are properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 4

High melting and boiling points, giant ionic lattice, brittle, layers can move causing repulsion, conduct if molten or dissolved

Question 5

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 5

Between a metal and another metal

Question 6

What are the properties of metallic bonds?

Answer 6

High mp/bp, conducts electricity, good conductors, malleable, ductile, sonorous

Question 7

How do electrons behave in metallic bonding?

Answer 7

Sea of delocalised electrons

Question 8

What is an alloy?

Answer 8

Layers are disorganised and cannot slide, metal mixed in with something else

Question 9

How do metals behave?

Answer 9

Layers are organised and can slide

Question 10

What is the charge of a hydroxide ion?

Answer 10

OH-

Question 11

What is the charge of a sulfate ion?

Answer 11

SO4 2-

Question 12

What is the charge of a nitrate ion?

Answer 12

NO3 -

Question 13

What is the charge of a carbonate ion?

Answer 13

CO3 2-

Question 14

What is the charge of an ammonium ion?

Answer 14

NH4 +

Question 15

What are limitations of dot and cross diagrams?

Answer 15

Doesn’t show 3D ionic lattice structure, doesn’t show shape of molecule, doesn’t show relative size of atoms and bonds

Question 16

What are limitations of ball and stick diagrams?

Answer 16

Using sticks for bonds is misleading because forces of attraction between ions act in all directions, doesn’t show movement of electrons

Question 17

What are limitations of 2D diagrams?

Answer 17

Doesn’t show where ions are located on other layers, doesn’t illustrate relative sizes of atoms and bonds

Question 18

What are limitations of 3D diagrams?

Answer 18

Not to scale, no information about forces of attraction

Question 19

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 19

Between 2 or more non-metals. Electrons are shared.

Question 20

What is 1 covalent bond?

Answer 20

2 shared electrons

Question 21

How many electrons are in the first shell?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

How many electors are in the second shell?

Answer 22

8

Question 23

What are the 3 different representations of covalent bond?

Answer 23

Dot and cross
Ball and stick
Displayed formula

Question 24

What is a molecule?

Answer 24

A group of atoms covalentes bonded together

Question 25

What are the properties of simple covalent molecules?

Answer 25

Low mp/ bp Do not conduct electricity

Question 26

Why do simple covalent molecules have a low mp/ bp?

Answer 26

Weak forces of attraction between molecules

Question 27

What are the properties of diamond?

Answer 27

Hard, high mp, high bp, will not conduct

Question 28

How many covalent bonds does diamond have?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

What is diamond an allotrope of?

Answer 29

Carbon

Question 30

What are the properties of silicon dioxide?

Answer 30

Quite hard, lower mp and bp than diamond, will not conduct

Question 31

How many covalent bonds does silicon dioxide have?

Answer 31

2

Question 32

What are the properties of graphite?

Answer 32

Layered structure, with 3 covalent bonds, high mp, bp, will conduct, soft, layers slide

Question 33

What are uses of graphite?

Answer 33

In pencils, lubricant, in batteries and electrodes, in solar panels

Question 34

What are carbon nanotubes?

Answer 34

Made of carbon atoms rolled up in a cylinder, very strong and tough, mechanically useful, 1/100 of a human hair, stronger than steel, can be used as yarn

Question 35

What are the properties of carbon nanotubes?

Answer 35

High conductivity, high mp and bp

Question 36

What are uses of carbon nanotubes?

Answer 36

In batteries, electrodes, to repair heart tissue, to make artificial muscle, destroy breast cancer tumours, to make sponges

Question 37

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 37

Between metals and metals

Question 38

What are the properties of metallic bonds?

Answer 38

High mp, bp, good conductors, ductile, malleable, sonorous

Question 39

What is graphene?

Answer 39

One layer of graphite

Question 40

What is a polymer?

Answer 40

Lots of small chemicals joined together in a big chain

Question 41

What are the properties of polymers?

Answer 41

Because they are so long they have different properties

Question 42

Do polymers have strong or weak attractions?

Answer 42

Lots of weak attractions add up

Question 43

What are the properties of polymers?

Answer 43

Higher melting points than expected

Question 44

How small is nano?

Answer 44

1 x 10^-9m

Question 45

What is nano silver?

Answer 45

Very small particles of silver with antibacterial properties,

Question 46

What are fullerenes?

Answer 46

Allotrope of carbon, has giant covalent properties on its own, but acts as a soft lubricant when thee are lots of them

Question 47

What was the first fullerene to be discovered?

Answer 47

C60 Buckminster fullerene (hollow cage like a football)

Question 48

What are uses of fullerenes?

Answer 48

Can put medicines and chemicals inside