C182.2.0 Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Information Technology
A
The technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information accessible.
2
Q
IT professional roles
A
Administration and Support
3
Q
Maintains all aspects of of the system including hardware, software, and programming.
A
System administrator
4
Q
In charge of all aspects of the computer network
A
Network administrator
5
Q
Focuses on the design, development, and support of database management systems.
A
Database administrator
6
Q
Installs, configures, and administers firewall security to protect systems and proactively work to stop intrusions.
A
Security administrator
7
Q
Installs, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots web servers.
A
Web administrator
8
Q
Support IT professionals
A
Help desk and training
9
Q
What is information?
A
Processed data.
10
Q
Defines the transition of data to information from knowledge to wisdom.
A
DIKW hierarchy
11
Q
The input directly received by the user (or computer). It is generally not usable until it has been converted into a relevant form.
A
Data
12
Q
Inferred from data; one or more processes have been applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form.
A
Information
13
Q
Information has been put to use; information placed into a context.
A
Knowledge
14
Q
Provides a social setting to knowledge; an understanding of the “why.” Can only come by having knowledge and experience.
A
Wisdom
15
Q
A collection of data and information used to support the management of an organization. Also refers to the technical components and Human Resources that enable assembly storage, and processing of data and the delivery of information. Existed a lot longer than computers.
A
Information systems
16
Q
What are characteristics of quality data?
A
Relevance
Timely
Thorough
Accurate
Reliable
17
Q
IPOS
A
Input
Process
Output
Storage
18
Q
What is input?
A
Raw data entered by the user
19
Q
What is processing?
A
Raw data becomes organized or structured for usefulness
20
Q
What is output?
A
Information is output so the user can see the results
21
Q
What is storage?
A
Processed information is stored for permanent record
22
Q
What is a computer system?
A
A collection of components that work together to meet the needs of the user; typically categorized as either hardware, software, networks, or users.
23
Q
Physical components of a computer system which include the system unit and its components and peripheral devices; tangible aspects of the computer.
A
Hardware
24
Q
Computer programs that tell the computer what to do—how to execute commands and process information.
A
Software
25
A collection of computers and resources connected by various media so that they can communicate with each other
Network
26
What is a user
The one that uses the computer
27
What are the software categories?
Systems
Applications
28
What is protocol?
Rules provided by which networks communicate with each other.
29
What is TCP/IP?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol—most commonly used protocol; is required of all computers that communicate over the internet.
30
What is a protocol stack?
A collection of protocols, TCP/IP is an example.
31
Executes programs’ instructions and commands various components in the computer. Referred to as the “chip.”
CPU
32
Stores the programs being executed and the data they are using.
Memory
33
All peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used.
I/O subsystem
34
Topology that permits information to move between each component in a straight line.
Bus
35
Critical component of all computer based systems; consists of most of the hardware the computer needs in order to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes.
System Unit
36
Retrieves the instructions and the raw data that is input and coordinates or controls the sending of those instructions and data to the ALU.
Control Unit
37
Does the actual processing of the data; completing mathematical calculations and logical operations to process the data and converting the input of the keyboard text entry to output displayed on the screen.
ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
38
Controls the speed at which instructions are processed
System clock
39
Temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer. Volatile (temporary). You can choose the amount of storage on the computer.
RAM (random access memory)
40
What are the two types of RAM?
Dynamic Ram (DRAM)—typically called main memory
Static RAM (SRAM)—cache memory and registers
41
First Generation
Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine language
42
Second Generation
Transistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size, easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers.
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Third Generation
Silicon chips (IC’s — integrated circuits), reduced costs, mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals
44
Fourth Generation
Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use.
45
Written for a specific machine by the engineers who built and ran the computers; no need for OS since only one program could run at a time.
Machine/Low-Level Language
46
Easier than machine but still required detailed, precise, low level instructions.
Assembly language
47
Function is to translate one program language into another; take source code and convert it into another form; source code by itself cannot be read by a computer.
Language Translator Programs
48
Improve language translator; requires that components of the software all be defined before compilation can begin; code is more efficient.
Compiler
49
Programmer is limited to high level control constructs such as while, loops, for loops, if/else statements and not allowed to use primitive GOTO statements.
Structured programming
50
Characterized by the creation of windowed operating systems, easier real-world object modeling in programming code, and the application of inheritance in program code.
Object oriented programming
51
A type of programming language for which most of its implementations execute instructions directly and freely, without previously compiling a program into machine-language instructions.
Interpreted code
52
Small programs that place Linux commands or DOS batch files into a file
Shell scripting
53
The computer that the user is using; physically present with
Local computer
54
A computer being accessed over the network
Remote computer
55
Connects computers to each other with no real understanding of what is being transferred; used for private networks with local computers.
Network hub
56
Like a hub, but this will only send data that is intended for a specific computer.
Network switch
57
Connects multiple networks together; can be used to directly connect computers to a network; will relay messages to computers with appropriate IP addresses
Router
58
Can be connected to hub, switch, or router; many routers now also act as a wireless access point; sends out a wireless signal so computers on the network can connect without a cable
Wireless access point
59
Requires that a full pathway, or circuit, be est. before transmission can begin and maintained during the entire transmission; like calling someone on the phone
Circuited switch network
60
A message's pathway is only est. as it is sent; the choice of pathway is based on availability and amount of message traffic
Packet switched network
61
A software emulator program that permits a computer user to use multiple computers and multiple platforms without the expense of purchasing multiple computers; allows a user to run software for different OS platform in their computer that would not otherwise be able to run that software; this allows multiple users on a network to access the software to support collaboration.
Virtual machine (VM)
62
Computers that have greater hard disk storage, faster response time and are used to respond to request from other computers on the network
Server
63
Contains one or more servers; client is a computer that will request information from another computer; server is a computer that takes requests and responds with the requested information; the software used facilitates communication with remote servers
Client-Server network
64
Sends files over the network at the request of clients.
Responds over LAN, within one location/site.
Support both application software and data files.
File server
65
Stores data files (web pages) and programs (scripts).
Responds from anywhere on the Internet.
Web server
66
Responds to queries by pulling from the database.
Typically only to local clients.
Web server
67
Monitors print jobs
Print server
68
Like web server or file server in that requests are for files and responses are the files; data delivered between client and server.
FTP server
69
Link between two resources; links two routers without any host or network in between
Point to point network
70
Devices connected along a single cable.
Size of network is restricted.
Bus network
71
Each device is connected to a central devices such as a hub or switch.
Star network
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Each device is connected directly to its neighbors, and messages are forwarded from device to device until the proper destination is reached.
Ring network
73
Every device is connected directly to every other device in the network.
Mesh network
74
Turns a user-friendly domain name, like Google.com, into an Internet Protocol (IP) address like 70.42.251.42 that computers use to identify each other on the network.
Domain Name Server (DNS)
75
What are the parts of URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Protocol, Domain name, Resource/Filename
76
Identifies the server on which the web page can be found
Domain name
77
Top level domain (TLD) name and Host name
Domain name parts
78
Identifies the organization that is responsible for the information on the page or provides the server space where the information is stored
Host name
79
Always ends with a period and a three or two letter extension which signifies the type of organization or country associated with the page
TLD name (top level domain)
80
Indicates the name of the file you are accessing, or the location of the document on the server
Resource/Filename ID
81
Can be either software or hardware; hardware is a dedicated server; software contains a list of the rules that describe the types of messages that should either be permitted to make it through, or those that should be blocked
Firewall
82
Attempts to identify if a file contains a virus or some form of malware
Anti-virus software
83
Consists of programs that end users run to accomplish tasks
Application software
84
Consists of programs that make up the OS; software that directly supports the computer system itself
System software
85
Works with hardware to provide a network service
Server software
86
Software that is stored on an individual computer
Local applications
87
Primary task is to allow a computer user to easily access the hardware and software of a computer system
Operating systems
88
Core components of the OS that is loaded when the computer is first booted.
Kernel
89
Provide specific interfaces between the OS running a computer and hardware devices.
Device drivers
90
An interface for the user, often personalized for that given user, that provides access to the kernel.
Shell
91
Programs that allow the user to monitor and improve system performance.
Utility programs
92
Software purchased from a vendor; also known as commercial
Proprietary software
93
Provides a trial version of the software.
Shareware
94
Usually software that has become obsolete; is free
Freeware
95
Software that has been moved into the public domain; can be used however you feel
Public domain
96
Created in the Open Source Community and made freely available as source code
Open source
97
Translates the entire program using a compiler, creating an executable program which can be run at a later time; the program can then be run as many times as one likes, without having to re-translate each time
Compiled language
98
Takes the most recently entered instruction, translates it into machine language, and executes it; must be translated manually each time.
Interpreted language
99
A computer language with a series of commands within a file that is capable of being executed without being compiled.
Script
100
Alphanumeric or text character
String data
101
Number with a decimal point
Floating-point
102
True/false, applying and/or when searching for data
Boolean/logical
103
One large single table; used if the amount of data that is being recorded is fairly minimal
Flat-file database
104
Has multiple tables (relations) with interrelated fields; most common structure for databases
Relational database
105
Organizes data using a tree like or organizational chart type structure
Hierarchical database
106
Problem definition, resource allocation, risk assessment
Project initiation
107
Organize activities, time estimation, cost estimation
Project planning
108
Variance reports, Status reports, Resource Allocation reports
Project executing and controlling reports
109
Adding to the scope of the project; can impact the allocation of resources.
Scope creep
110
Assesses the feasibility of the proposed project and selects a development methodology
Preliminary investigation
111
Determines the user requirements for the new system and develops logical models of the system
Analysis
112
A process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying information systems, including hardware and software
System development life cycle (SDLC)
113
Logical models are revised to ensure that the new system will meet the user requirements identified in the first step
Logical design
114
Logical models are converted into physical models
Physical design
115
Begin converting the models from the previous steps into the actual system; this step also includes installing hardware, testing the system, and training the end users
Implementation
116
Modifications or corrections to the system are made
Maintenance
117
Employed to assess whether the system does what the user expects and to ensure that it functions in a way that is useful to the user
User acceptance testing
118
The activity performed by an organization to ensure that critical business functions will be available to customer, suppliers, regulators, and other entities that must have access to those functions.
Business continuity
119
Create a copy of everything that is on a hard drive
Image backups
120
Everything on the hard drive is copied each and every time a backup is performed
Full backup
121
An initial full backup is completed and then subsequent backups only capture the changes since the last backup
Incremental backup
122
The OS writes data (and changes to data) to multiple hard drives at the same time.
Data mirroring
123
A secure location for storing backup media
Off-site storage
124
Physical location where an organization can move its operations that includes everything for normal business operations; quickest return to business but very expensive.
Hot site
125
Physical location like a shell that can be used for operations should the need arise; not equipped with hardware, servers, etc.; cheaper to have
Cold site
126
Having multiple data centers located in disparate regions; typically used by large organizations.
Site sharing
127
Software as a Service. Can access and use software through the Internet.
SaaS
128
Platform as a Service. Intention is to be able to quickly and reliably develop and deliver applications.
PaaS
129
Logging as a Service. All resources an IT dept. needs are located outside of the organization and are accessible by anyone, anywhere.
LaaS
130
A code of moral conduct or a set of principles that govern behavior.
Ethics
131
Privacy, Ownership, Control, Accuracy, Security
Administrator ethics
132
A device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
Transistor
133
The main circuit board of a computer; it holds and allows communication between many electronic system components, such as the CPU and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.
Motherboard
134
A whole number (non-fraction) that can be positive, negative, or zero, but it cannot have decimal places.
Integer
135
