C2 - atoms, elements & compounds (Ionic, covalent, metallic, giant covalent)

Question 1

what are 2 types of mobile charge carriers

Answer 1

-ions
-electrons

Question 2

what must all ions have

Answer 2

a complete electronic configuration

Question 3

define lattice

Answer 3

regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions.

Question 4

define an ionic bond

Answer 4

-transfer of electrons between positive metal ions and negative non metal ions
-forms basic compounds

Question 5

what is the structure in an ionic bond

Answer 5

lattice structure in regular arrangement of alternating ( + ) & ( - ) ions

Question 6

What holds an ionic bond together

Answer 6

electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and negative non metal ions

Question 7

properties of ionic bonds

Answer 7

-Low volatility
-high solubility
-high melting and boiling point
-conducts when molten or aqueous

Question 8

Metals lose electrons to? (ionic)

Answer 8

form positive ions

Question 9

non metals gain electrons to?(ionic)

Answer 9

form negative ions

Question 10

which shell is the electron lost from or added to

Answer 10

valance shell

Question 11

if 2 diff atoms of same element have the same electronic configuration as ions, are they the same?

Answer 11

no because the proton numbers are diff.

Question 12

explain the melting and boiling point of an ionic bond

Answer 12

high because the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and negative non metal ions require a lot of energy to overcome

Question 13

explain when and how electricity is conducted in an ionic bond

Answer 13

only when aqueous or molten because that is when the ions are mobile and can carry charge through the structure

Question 14

Which diagram is used in ionic and simple covalent bonding

Answer 14

dot and cross

Question 15

when explaining the dot and cross of an ionic bond what are the 4 things needed to say

Answer 15

-total number of electrons in each element and in each shell
-how much electron needed to fill the valance shell of the element
-therefore, how many atoms are needed
-gained = positive metal ions
lost = negative non metal ions

Question 16

when writing the dot and cross of ions on the electrons transferred, what goes first- number or charge

Answer 16

number
eg, 2+

Question 17

when finding the number of atoms needed in an ionic dot and cross, what must you try to find

Answer 17

LCM of the numbers of electrons needed by the non metal and metal

Question 18

define / describe metallic bond

Answer 18

a lattice of positive metal ions in a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons held by electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 19

what is the structure in an metallic bond

Answer 19

lattice

Question 20

what holds metallic bonds together

Answer 20

electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons

Question 21

are metallic bonds good conductors of heat and electricity

Answer 21

yes. they have delocalised electrons which are mobile and can carry charge or heat energy through the structure.

Question 22

explain the melting and boiling point of metallic bonds

Answer 22

high, strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and a ‘sea’ of delicalised electrons require a lot of energy to overcome

Question 23

explain the malleability of metallic bonds

Answer 23

they are malleable, metals have a regular structure with layers that can slid off each other

Question 24

name the 9 properties of metals

Answer 24

-good conductors of heat
-good conductors of electricity
-ductile
-malleable
-some are magnetic (iron, cobalt, nickel)
-high melting and boiling points (usually solids at room temp. except mercury)

Question 25

define ductile

Answer 25

can be drawn into wires

Question 26

define malleable

Answer 26

can be bent or hammered into shape

Question 27

which metals are magnetic

Answer 27

iron, cobalt, nickel

Question 28

define a covalent bond

Answer 28

shared pair of electrons between non metals

Question 29

what are the 2 types of covalent bonds

Answer 29

-simple covalent, giant covalent -forms acidic compounds

Question 30

what is the structure of simple covalent bonds

Answer 30

small molecules

Question 31

what holds simple covalent bonds together

Answer 31

-many strong covalent bonds (intramolecular forces of attraction) between atoms -intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules

Question 32

which forces are weakened or broken when heating

Answer 32

intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 33

explain the melting and boiling point of simple covalent bonds

Answer 33

low, the weak intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules require little energy to overcome

Question 34

can simple covalent structure conduct electricity

Answer 34

no, there are no mobile charge carriers

Question 35

what is the structure of giant covalent

Answer 35

macromolecule

Question 36

what holds giant covalent bonds together

Answer 36

-MANY strong covalent bonds (intramolecular forces of attraction) in -between atoms -no intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 37

explain the melting and boiling point of giant covalent bonds

Answer 37

high, there are MANY strong covalent bonds in between atom which require a lot of energy to overcome

Question 38

name 2 giant covalent structures

Answer 38

diamond, graphite

Question 39

list the physically properties of diamond

Answer 39

-hard (cant be scratched easily) -high melting and boiling points -no electricity conduction -shiny

Question 40

list all the important notes on diamond

Answer 40

-hard (cant be scratched easily) -high melting and boiling points -no electricity conduction -shiny -used as a cutting tool -has MANY strong covalent bonds -each carbon atom is bonded to 4 other carbon atoms

Question 41

list the physically properties of graphite

Answer 41

-soft and slippery -high melting and boiling point -can conduct electricity -dull

Question 42

list all the important notes on graphite

Answer 42

-soft and slippery -high melting and boiling point -can conduct electricity -dull -used as a lubricant -has MANY strong covalent bonds -each carbon atom is bonded to 4 other carbon atoms (so 1 delocalised electron) -has layers

Question 44

can giant covalent structures conduct electricity

Answer 44

only graphite because graphite has delicalised electrons which are moblile and can carry charge through the structure

Question 45

what is the solubility of covalent compounds

Answer 45

low, they do not dissolve in water easily

Question 46

what is the volatility of covalent compounds

Answer 46

high, they turn into gas easily.

Question 47

what do you need to think about when drawing dot and cross of simple covalent

Answer 47

-number of electrons in valance shell of each element -number of electrons needed

Question 49

why does bromine have a low boiling point

Answer 49

-bromine is a covalent bond -bromine is non-metal -it requires little energy to overcome intermolecular forces of attraction btw molecules.

Question 50

when explaining a propriety of an molecule, what must you say at first about it

Answer 50

the type of bond it is