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Chem own > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

1
Q

define lattice

A

millions of atoms in a regular structure
regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions.

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2
Q

define an Atom

A

The smallest particle that cannot be further broken down.

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3
Q

define a compound

A

2 or more diff. types of atoms chemically bonded together

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4
Q

define a molecule

A

particles made of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together (can be same or diff. type of atoms)

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5
Q

define an element

A

same type of atoms

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6
Q

define an ion

A

a charged particle

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7
Q

define aqueous

A

dissolved in solution

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8
Q

define molten

A

melted

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9
Q

(off topic) define Resolution

A

the smallest reading on a piece of equipment.
eg, stop watch counts 2.05s,, the resolution (smallest reading is 0.05)

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10
Q

define volatile

A

turns to a gas easily (low boiling point)

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11
Q

define diffusion

A

moment of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration as a result of their random motions

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12
Q

define pressure

A

force acting perpendicular to a surface per unit area

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13
Q

define net force

A

define net force

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14
Q

define a mixture

A

2 or more elements / compounds mixed together that can be separated by physical means

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15
Q

Define an isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

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16
Q

define an ionic bond

A

transfer of electrons between positive metal ions and negative non metal ions

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17
Q

define metallic bond

A

positive metal ions in a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons

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18
Q

define malleable

A

can be bent or hammered into shape

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19
Q

define ductile

A

can be drawn into wires

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20
Q

define a covalent bond

A

shared pair of electrons between non metals

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21
Q

define molecular formula

A

number of each type of atoms present (chemical formula)

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22
Q

define empirical formula

A

simplest whole number ratio of atoms present

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23
Q

define relative atomic mass

A

the average mass of isotopes of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

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24
Q

define atomic mass

A

proton + neutron

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25
Q

define atomic number

A

proton

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26
Q

define relative molecular mass

A

sum of relative atomic masses in molecular formula

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27
Q

name for group 1

A

alkaline metals

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27
Q

define relative formula mass

A

sum of relative atomic mass in empirical formula

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28
Q

name for group 2

A

alkaline earth metals

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29
Q

name for group 7

A

halogens

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30
Q

name for group 0

A

noble gases

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31
Q

define amphoteric

A

solution that is both basic and acidic

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32
Q

define precipitate

A

solid product

33
Q

define polarisation

A

uneven distribution of electron or charge in a molecule

34
Q

define exothermic reaction

A

a reaction that releases energy

35
Q

define endothermic reaction

A

a reaction that absorbs energy

36
Q

define physical change

A

involves a change in substance’s form

37
Q

define pure

A

a substance that contains a single element or compound, not mixed with any other substances

38
Q

define chemical change

A

involves making a new substance and change in energy

39
Q

define impure

A

a substance that contains more than 1 element or compound, mixed with other substances

40
Q

define solvent

A

substance that dissolves a solute

40
Q

define solute

A

a substance that is dissolves in a solvent

41
Q

define mixture

A

contains 2 or more substances not chemically combined

41
Q

define solution

A

mixture that is made up of 1 or more substances

42
Q

define solubility

A

how easily a substance dissolves

43
Q

define saturated solution

A

solution containing maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in a solvent at a given temp.
(no more solute can dissolve in it)

44
Q

define residue

A

a substance that remains after distillation, evaporation or filtration

45
Q

define crystallisation

A

when a liquids that contains soluble solute is evaporated to leave the soluble solute behind

46
Q

define filtrate

A

solution at pass through a filter paper

47
Q

define evaporation

A

turning the liquid into gas to be lost from the substance using heat

48
Q

define immiscible and miscible

A

-immiscible- liquids that don’t mix
-miscible- liquids that mix

49
Q

define filtration

A

passing solution over a filter paper and collecting the filtrate

50
Q

define chromatography

A

method of separating mixtures of soluble substances

51
Q

define stationary phase

A

the paper in paper chromatography

52
Q

define a chromatogram

A

result of separating the components of a mixture by chromatography

53
Q

define the mobile phase

A

solvent in paper chromatography

54
Q

define Rf value

A

retention factor

55
Q

define baseline

A

line that is drawn in an insoluble substance and where the inks are placed

56
Q

define solvent front

A

-furthest point the solvent travels
-for calculating Rf value

57
Q

define successful collision

A

-collisions with enough energy to react

58
Q

define anomaly

A

result that doesn’t fit the pattern

59
Q

define limiting reactant

A

reactant that is used up first in a reaction

60
Q

define activation energy

A

The minimum energy colliding particles require to react

61
Q

define catalyst

A

-substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction but is unchanged at the end of the reaction

62
Q

define exothermic reaction

A

-reaction that transfers heat energy to surrounding so temp. goes up

63
Q

define endothermic reaction

A

-reaction that absorbs heat energy from the surrounding so temp. goes down

64
Q

define Enthalpy change

A

-The difference between the energy required to break bonds and the energy released to make bonds

65
Q
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67
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68
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69
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70
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71
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72
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73
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74
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75
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76
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77
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Chem own (9 decks)

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