C2.2: Bonding

Question 1

What are the physical properties of metals?

Answer 1

• shiny
• usually high mp and bp
• solid at room temp
• malleable
• ductile
• good conductors

Question 2

What does malleable mean?

Answer 2

Bend without shattering

Question 3

What does ductile mean?

Answer 3

Can be pulled into wires

Question 4

What are the physical properties of non-metals?

Answer 4

• dull
• usually low mp and bp
• about half are solid a room temp and the other half are gases
• brittle
• non ductile
• poor conductors

Question 5

What does brittle mean?

Answer 5

Easy to break - fragile

Question 6

What is the reaction between metals and non metals known as?

Answer 6

Ionic

Question 7

What is the reaction between a non-metals and non-metal known as?

Answer 7

Covalent

Question 8

What type of ions and solution does a metal produce?

Answer 8

Forms positively charged ions, produce alkaline solutions

Question 9

What type of ions and solution does a non-metal produce?

Answer 9

Forms negatively charged ions, produce acidic solution

Question 10

What is a periodic table?

Answer 10

A table in which all the elements are arranged in rows and columns in order of increasing atomic number

Question 11

How did the elements in the periodic table USED to be arranged like?

Answer 11

Used to be by increasing mass number

Question 12

What are horizontal rows on the periodic table called?

Answer 12

Periods

Question 13

What are the vertical rows on the periodic table called?

Answer 13

Rows

Question 14

What are the chemical properties of metals?

Answer 14

Lose electrons to form positive ions
Metals do not react with each other
Metal oxide produce alkaline solutions

Question 15

What are chemical properties of non-metals?

Answer 15

Gain electrons to form negative ions
React with each other to produce compounds that consist of molecules
Non metals oxides produce acidic solutions

Question 16

What is the electron shell?

Answer 16

Shows how electrons are arranged in elements

Question 17

What are the max number of electrons in the first shell?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

What are the max number of electrons in the second shell?

Answer 18

8

Question 19

What are the max number of electrons in the third shell?

Answer 19

8

Question 20

What is an ion?

Answer 20

An electrically charged particle formed when an atom, or group of atoms, loses or gains electrons.

Question 21

What is a simple molecule?

Answer 21

A molecule that only contains a few atoms

Question 22

How do ionic compounds form?

Answer 22

When a metal transfers electrons to a non metal

Question 23

What is a giant ionic lattice?

Answer 23

A giant ionic lattice is where every positive ions Non is surrounded by negative ions

Question 24

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 24

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 25

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 25

A shared pair of electrons, they form between two non metal atoms

Question 26

What are the covalent bonds between?

Answer 26

The nucleus of each bonded atoms and the shared electrons. They are stronger than the intermolecular forces between the molecules.

Question 27

What does a giant covalent structure consist of?

Answer 27

Very many non metal atoms joined by covalent bonds and arranged in rows regular repeating pattern

Question 28

Diamond is a form of what?

Answer 28

Carbon. It exists as a giant covalent structure in which each carbon atom is joined to four other carbon atoms

Question 29

How would you write the formula for giant covalent structures?

Answer 29

As an empirical formula

Question 30

What are polymers made of?

Answer 30

Many small molecules called monomers

Question 31

What are termosoftening polymers?

Answer 31

Polymer chains in tangled web, easy to separate

Question 32

What is a thermosetting polymer?

Answer 32

Chains joined together by strong covalent bonds cross linking

Question 33

All metals apart from ( 1 ) are solid at room temperature

Answer 33

(1) mercury

Question 34

How are the atoms of a metal packed like?

Answer 34

Together Regular ways Forms giant metallic lattice

Question 35

What are delocalised electrons?

Answer 35

Electrons that are free to move through the structure of the metal

Question 36

What are metallic bonds?

Answer 36

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

Question 38

How did mendeleev arrange his periodic table?

Answer 38

In order of increasing atomic mass

Question 39

What did mendeleev not take into account in his periodic table?

Answer 39

The electronic structure - it wasnt discovered

Question 40

What was discovered in 1894?

Answer 40

Lord Raleigh and William Ramsay discovered argon.

Question 41

What was discovered in 1895? Why was it difficult to discover?

Answer 41

Helium was discovered - it was hard to discover as it was inert