C4.1: Predicting Chemical Reactions

Question 1

What are the group 1 elements known as?

Answer 1

Alkali metals

Question 2

What can group 1 metals produce when they react with water?

Answer 2

Metal hydroxide
Hydrogen

Question 3

What are physical properties of alkali metals?

Answer 3

Soft
Low melting points
Good electricity conductors
Alkalis are solid at room temperature
Low densities

Question 4

Which group 1 elements have the ability to float on water?

Answer 4

Lithium
Sodium
Potassium

Question 5

What happens to the softness of the metals as you go down the group 1 elements?

Answer 5

Softer as you go down the group

Question 6

What happens to the softness of the metals as you go down the group 1 elements?

Answer 6

Density increases as you go down the group

Question 7

What happens to the melting points of the metals as you go down the group 1 elements?

Answer 7

Decreases as you go down the group

Question 8

How many electrons do group 1 elements have in their outer shells?

Answer 8

1 electron in outer shell

Question 9

Question: what is produced when sodium reacts with water?

Answer 9

Sodium hydroxide
Hydrogen

Question 10

What is the reactivity like of lithium in water?

Answer 10

Fizzes steadily and slowly disappears

Question 11

What is the reactivity like of sodium in water?

Answer 11

Melts to form a silvery ball, fizzes vigorously and quickly disappears

Question 12

What is the reactivity like of potassium in water?

Answer 12

Immediately ignites, burns with a lilac flame and very quickly disappears

Question 13

What happens to the electronic structure of group 1 elements when they undergo a reaction?

Answer 13

Atoms lose their outer electron and form cations

Question 14

The more easily cations form…

Answer 14

The more reactive the metal

Question 15

What happens to the reactivity as you go down the group 1 elements?

Answer 15

Increases

Question 16

Why does the reactivity increase as you go down the group 1 elements?

Answer 16

Atoms become larger
Outer electron further from nucleus
Attraction force between nucleus and outer electrons decreases
Outer electron lost more easily

Question 17

What are the group 7 elements known as?

Answer 17

Halogens

Question 18

What are physical properties of halogens?

Answer 18

Exist as simple molecules
Exist as diatomic

Question 19

What colour does chlorine exist in and in which state?

Answer 19

Pale green
Gas

Question 20

What colour does bromine exist in and in which state?

Answer 20

Brown
Liquid

Question 21

What colour does iodine exist in and in which state?

Answer 21

Purple black
Solid

Question 22

What happens to melting and boiling points as you go down group 7 elements? Why?

Answer 22

Increase as you go down the group
More energy needed to overcome the strong intermolecular forces

Question 23

What happens to density as you go down group 7 elements?

Answer 23

Increases

Question 24

What happens to reactivity as you go down group 7 elements?

Answer 24

Decreases

Question 25

What does ‘halogen’ mean?

Answer 25

Salt former

Question 26

What do halogens produce when they react with metals?

Answer 26

Produce salts

Question 27

Why is chlorine more reactive than iodine?

Answer 27

Gains electrons more easily than iodine

Question 28

What is a halide?

Answer 28

A compound containing a group 7 elements when they and one other element which is usually hydrogen or a metal

Question 29

What can halogens react with in a solution?

Answer 29

Halides

Question 30

Question: what would chlorine and sodium bromide react to form?

Answer 30

Sodium chloride and bromine Chlorine DISPLACES bromine from sodium bromide in a displacement reaction

Question 31

How can you work out if a substance can be displaced or not?

Answer 31

More reactive metals can displace a less reactive metal from its compounds You can use the periodic table to define which substances are more reactive

Question 32

What are the group 0 elements referred as?

Answer 32

The noble gases

Question 33

What is the electronic formation of group 0 elements like?

Answer 33

Complete outer electron shells No tendancy to lose/gain electrons Very unreactive

Question 34

What happens to the boiling points as you go down the group 0 elements?

Answer 34

Increases going down the group - larger atoms - more energy needed to overcome intermolecular forces

Question 35

What happens to the density as you go down the group 0 elements?

Answer 35

Increases

Question 36

What are the transition metals?

Answer 36

Placed between group 2 and 3

Question 37

What are physical properties of the transition metals?

Answer 37

Shiny when freshly cut Good electric conductors Strong Malleable Often good catalysts

Question 38

How reactive are transition metals?

Answer 38

Less reactive than alkali metals React slowly, if at all

Question 39

Will alkali metals form ionic or covalent compounds?

Answer 39

Ionic

Question 40

What can you use to test for the present of Group 1 metal ions?

Answer 40

Flame tests

Question 41

How do rubidium, caesium react in water?

Answer 41

Violent Tend to explode when they get wet

Question 42

How can you carry out a displacement reaction?

Answer 42

Measure out a small amount of halide salt solution in a test tube Add a few drops of halogen solution and gently shake Colour change - reaction happened and displacement occured. No colour change - no reaction and no displacement

Question 43

What happens during a reaction between potassium chloride solution (colourless) and chlorine water (colourless)?

Answer 43

No reaction

Question 44

What happens during a reaction between potassium chloride solution (colourless) and bromine water (orange)?

Answer 44

No reaction

Question 45

What happens during a reaction between potassium chloride solution (colourless) and iodine water (brown)?

Answer 45

No reaction

Question 46

What happens during a reaction between potassium bromide solution (colourless) and chlorine water (colourless)?

Answer 46

Orange solution (Br2) formed

Question 47

What happens during a reaction between potassium bromide solution (colourless) and bromine water (orange)?

Answer 47

No reaction

Question 48

What happens during a reaction between potassium bromide solution (colourless) and iodine water (brown)?

Answer 48

No reaction

Question 49

What happens during a reaction between potassium iodide solution (colourless) and chlorine water (colourless)?

Answer 49

Brown solution (I2) formed

Question 50

What happens during a reaction between potassium iodide solution (colourless) and bromine water (orange)?

Answer 50

Brown solution I2

Question 51

What happens during a reaction between potassium iodide solution (colourless) and iodine water (brown)?

Answer 51

No reaction

Question 52

What is the colour of transition metals like?

Answer 52

Very colourful