C3.1: Introducing Chemical Reactions

Question 1

What is a chemical formula a representative of?

Answer 1

Represents an element or compound

Question 2

What is usually in each chemical symbol?

Answer 2

One, two, or three letters
Starts with a capital letter, rest letters lowercase

Question 3

How are the chemical formulas of metals written as?

Answer 3

Empirical formula
Metals exist as giant metallic lattices

Question 4

What are non metals with 2 atoms joined together called?

Answer 4

Diatomic molecules

Question 5

Examples of diatomic molecules

Answer 5

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Bromine

Question 6

How does sulfur exist as?

Answer 6

S8

Question 7

How does phosphorus exist as?

Answer 7

P4

Question 8

What are simple covalent compouds?

Answer 8

Non metals joined by covalent bonds

Question 9

What is the ionic symbol for ammonium?

Answer 9

NH4+

Question 10

What is the ionic symbol for copper (II)?

Answer 10

Cu2+

Question 11

What is the ionic symbol for iron (II)?

Answer 11

Fe2+

Question 12

What is the ionic symbol for lead (II)?

Answer 12

Pb2+

Question 13

What is the ionic symbol for iron (III)?

Answer 13

Fe3+

Question 14

What is the ionic symbol for hydroxide?

Answer 14

OH-

Question 15

What is the ionic symbol for nitrate?

Answer 15

NO3-

Question 16

What is the ionic symbol for carbonate?

Answer 16

CO3 2-

Question 17

What is the ionic symbol for sulfate?

Answer 17

SO4 2-

Question 18

What is the ionic symbol for nitrate ion?

Answer 18

NO3 -

Question 19

What is conservation of mass?

Answer 19

No atoms created or destroyed in chemical reactions
They just join together in different way than they were before the reaction
Total mass of product = total mass of reactants

Question 20

What are reactions in a closed system?

Answer 20

No substances can enter or leave
Sealed container

Question 21

What is neutralisation?

Answer 21

The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt plus water

Question 22

What happens when an acid and a base react?

Answer 22

Forms water
Remaining products form a salt

Question 23

What are the products of:

Acid + base

Answer 23

Salt + water

Question 24

What are the products of:

Acid + metal

Answer 24

Salt + hydrogen gas

Question 25

What are the products of: Acid + carbonate

Answer 25

Salt + water + CO2

Question 26

What are the products of: Metal + oxygen

Answer 26

Metal oxide

Question 27

What are the products of: Hydroxide + acid

Answer 27

Salt + water

Question 28

What are the products of: Metal oxide + acid

Answer 28

Salt + water

Question 29

What does a word equation show?

Answer 29

The names of reactions and products

Question 30

What does a balanced equation show?

Answer 30

How the atoms are rearranged in a reaction Relative amounts of each substance involved

Question 31

What are state symbols?

Answer 31

The physical state of that substance

Question 32

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 32

When a substance dissolves in water

Question 33

What is a half equation?

Answer 33

A model for the change that happens to one reactant in a chemical equation

Question 34

What is oxidation?

Answer 34

The loss of electrons Substance becomes positively charged

Question 35

What is reduction?

Answer 35

Gain of electrons Substance becomes negatively charged

Question 36

What is the reactivity series for most reactive to least reactive?

Answer 36

Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold

Question 37

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 37

When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a compound

Question 38

What does a balanced ionic equation show?

Answer 38

The reacting ions in a chemical reaction

Question 39

What is the mole?

Answer 39

The unit for amount of substance Referred to as ‘mol’

Question 40

What is avogadros constant?

Answer 40

The number of entities in one mol 6.022 x 10^23

Question 41

What is the formula for calculating mol?

Answer 41

Mass = amount in mol x molar mass

Question 42

What is a limiting reactant?

Answer 42

A reactant finishes when one of the reactants is all used up The reactant that is all used up is called the limiting reactant The reactant that is left over is in excess The mass of product formed depends on mass of limiting reactant

Question 43

What is stoichiometry?

Answer 43

The ratio of the amounts of each substance in the balanced equation