C3 - Addiction evidence

Question 1

Addiction is highly herritable (+.73 for cocaine)

Answer 1

Goldman (2005)

Question 2

inc of dopamine in participants given gambling task

Answer 2

Jousta (2012)

Question 3

Criteria for addiction: tolerance, salience, mood modification, withdrawal symptoms, relapse, conflict

Answer 3

Griffith (2005)

Question 4

Characteristics of addiction: persistence, percieved, preoccupation, progression

Answer 4

Watters (1999)

Question 4

Impulsive rats had a higher cocaine intake than low impulsivity rats

Answer 4

Dalley (2007)

Question 5

Addiction higher in those who had a high Psychoticism and neuroticism score

Answer 5

Eysenk (1997)

Question 6

chinese uni students who scored high in neuroticism and psychoticism more likely to have an internet addiction

Answer 6

Dong (2013)

Question 7

No consistent dopamine increase in participants given alcohol

Answer 7

Karmen Yoder (2007)

Question 8

Verbalisations of gamblers vs non-gamblers whilst gambling (14% vs 2.5% irrational verbalisations)

Answer 8

Griffith (1994)

Question 9

study on rapid smoking, no difference between control group and test group after 4 weeks

Answer 9

Mc Robbie (2007)

Question 9

high levels of retention for people using methadone

Answer 9

NICE

Question 9

Those treated with antabuse had more days until relapse and fewer drinking days

Answer 9

Jorgenson (2011)

Question 10

Aversion therapy is a quick and highly effective therapy for many

Answer 10

Kraft (2005)

Question 11

86% of popular UK films and 40% of TV programmes had alcohol

Answer 11

Lyons (2011)

Question 12

87 of the top 200 movies in the last 20 years had addictions portrayed positively

Answer 12

Gunasekera (2005)

Question 12

Exposure to marketing and media promoting smoking doubled chances of starting to smoke

Answer 12

Wellman (2006)

Question 13

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY - children observing how adults treat a doll (more likely to treat the doll how they observed their adult treating it)

Answer 13

Bandura

Question 13

Naltrexone very effective for those who are highly motivated to quit

Answer 13

Gowing et al (2001)

Question 14

Treating heroin users with methadone has an immediate positive effect on society (dec. in criminality)

Answer 14

national treatment agency (2009)

Question 15

People with schizophrenia have the highest prevalence of smoking (70-80%)

Answer 15

Evidence for co-morbidity

Question 16

found that buprenorphine is 6X safer than methadone

Answer 16

Marteau et al (2015)

Question 17

reviewed studies on naltrexone and found conflicting results many showed no sig. difference

Answer 17

NICE

Question 17

Many traits associated with addictive personality are common to many HOWEVER not every one has an addiction

Answer 17

Kerr (1996)

Question 17

adapted stroop test using words linked to addiction and addicts took longer and got more wrong (supports attentional bias)

Answer 17

Johnson (1997)

Question 18

Refers to dopamine as the kim K of neurotransmitters - its become fashionable to blame dopamine (too reductionist and simple)

Answer 18

Vaugnhn bell (2013)

Question 19

electrode in rats brain and stimulated it every time it went to a certain corner of the box - rat kept returning

Answer 19

Olds and milner (1954)

Question 20

No significant inc in dopamine in volunteers taking cannabis

Answer 20

Stokes (2009)

Question 21

Stress plays major role in initiation and relapse in addiction susceptible to stress = susceptible to addiction

Answer 21

Sirha (2001)