Evidence for all controversies

Question 1

-ve - labelled maternally deprived children as affectionless
+ve - shaped childcare policies and showed importance of bond (family rooms)

Answer 1

Bowlby

Question 2

-ve - unethical to scar/traumatise a baby and made society less trusting of psychologists
+ve - development of SD treatment for phobias and saves NHS £££

Answer 2

Watson and rayner

Question 2

Developed concept of defense mechanisms following on from her fathers work

Answer 2

Anna Freud

Question 2

-ve - caused participants extreme amounts of stress (trembling crying and seizures)
+ve - has enhanced our understanding of war crimes and WW2 - could stop future genocides

Answer 2

Milgram

Question 2

All cost-benefit analysis’ do is legitimise the use of unethical methods

Answer 2

Baumrind (1975)

Question 2

Use species that suit the purpose of the study, be aware of the animals previous experience and care for the animals

Answer 2

Animal act (1986)

Question 2

Brain scans - found many individual differences but no unique cluster of features for males and females

Answer 2

Joel et al (2015)

Question 2

Job applications from ‘Jenifer’ viewed as less competent than ‘John’

Answer 2

Moss-Racussin (2012)

Question 2

Eyewitness testimony - memory is reconstructive (innocence project and police interviewing)

Answer 2

Elizabeth Loftus

Question 2

Lab studies had a higher amount of differences between males and females than experiments conducted in a natural setting

Answer 2

Johnson (1990)

Question 3

74% of A-level students were female

Answer 3

JCQ (2020)

Question 3

7-8% of research uses animals

Answer 3

APA

Question 4

decreased blood pressure in children reading out loud to an animal, decreased CV risk in elderly with high life events scores

Answer 4

Allen (2003)

Question 5

Replacement - Partial (still using animals but no pain or distress) full (using other methods eg culture of cells)
Reduction - using the smallest number of animals possible
Refinement - improving procedures to minimise pain, stress and suffering

Answer 5

Home office: the 3 R’s (2000)

Question 6

Enables socially isolated individuals to learn to trust and form relationships

Answer 6

Animal assisted therapy

Question 7

Argued that discrimination based on membership of a species is no different to racial or gender discrimination

Answer 7

Singer (1975)

Question 8

We have a special duty of care to humans so it isn’t discrimination

Answer 8

Gray (1991))

Question 9

Demonstrated that chimpanzees have self-awareness in a mirror test

Answer 9

Gallup (1970)

Question 10

observed gosling hatchlings and imprinting, was able to imprint with the hatchlings (supports bowlbys research)

Answer 10

Lorenz (1935)