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Question 1

Action Word - Assess

Answer 1

Meaning: Make a judgement of value, quality, or outcomes

Question 2

Action Word - Compare

Answer 2

Meaning: Show similarities and differences

Question 3

Action Word - Contrast

Answer 3

Meaning: Show differences

Question 4

Action Word - Define

Answer 4

Meaning: State meaning and essential qualities

Question 5

Action Word - Demonstrate

Answer 5

Meaning: Show by example

Question 6

Action Word - Describe

Answer 6

Meaning: Provide characteristics and features

Question 7

Action Word - Discuss

Answer 7

Meaning: Identify issues and present arguments for and against

Question 8

Action Word - Evaluate

Answer 8

Meaning: Determine the value or amount of

Question 9

Action Word - Explain

Answer 9

Meaning: Relate cause and effect

Question 10

Action Word - Justify

Answer 10

Meaning: Support an argument or conclusion

Question 11

Action Word - Outline

Answer 11

Meaning: Sketch in general terms, indicate main features

Question 12

Source Analysis

Answer 12

(Ensure completion of required steps - refer to notes)

Question 13

Poor Living Conditions (Industrial Revolution)

Answer 13

Crowded, poor sanitation, cheap construction (wood), lack of ventilation and light.

Question 14

Define Industrial Revolution

Answer 14

Period of rapid manufacturing and industrial development (1750-1900), particularly in Britain.

Question 15

Significant Developments of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 15

1. Factories and textile mills (centralized production). 2. Modern towns and cities (urbanization due to industry). 3. New power sources (steam, coal - driving machinery). 4. Improved transport and communication (facilitating trade and connection).

Question 16

Life Before 1750 (Britain) vs. Industrial Revolution

Answer 16

Before 1750: Manual agriculture (sunrise to sunset, poor sanitation), slow transport (expensive goods), poor health (lack of hygiene knowledge, high death rate), limited social structure.\nIndustrial Revolution: Mechanized agriculture, factory-based industry, faster transport (railways, canals, cheaper goods), improved health (understanding of hygiene), rise of the middle class.

Question 17

Reasons for Industrial Revolution in Britain

Answer 17

Agricultural Revolution (new techniques, resources), abundant resources (coal, iron, water), stable government, high capital investment.

Question 18

Significance of Coal in Britain

Answer 18

Fueled steam engine development (power for mills, railways), reduced coal prices, led to internal combustion engine development.

Question 19

Other Factors for Industrial Revolution in Britain

Answer 19

1. Superior banking system and investment capital (low interest rates, business growth). 2. Intellectual freedom and capitalist spirit (innovation without restriction, profit-driven).

Question 20

Food Production Before Industrial Revolution

Answer 20

Primarily grazing land, manual labor (planting to harvesting), subsistence farming (family needs), fallow field crop rotation (limited yield).

Question 21

Enclosure System and Effects

Answer 21

Over 4000 laws privatizing common land into large, enclosed farms. Effects: Loss of common grazing/farmland for small farmers.

Question 22

Use of Crop Rotation

Answer 22

Four-field system: Rotating different crops to avoid leaving land fallow, maintaining soil nutrients and increasing production.

Question 23

Impact of Agricultural Changes on Industrial Revolution

Answer 23

Increased food supply -> population growth -> larger workforce for factories -> faster manufacturing.

Question 24

Factory System

Answer 24

Centralized workplaces with many workers, unskilled labor operating machinery for repetitive tasks, mass production.

Question 25

Cotton and Wool Production Developments

Answer 25

Flying Shuttle (Kay, 1733): Efficient weaving, increased yarn demand.\nSpinning Jenny (Hargreaves, 1765): Multiple threads spun at once, increased yarn supply.\nWater Frame (Arkwright, 1768): Improved spinning jenny, water power.\nCrompton's Mule (Crompton, 1779): Combined jenny and water frame for multiple fine threads.\nWorkers: Men, women, children (varied roles).\nLocations: Waterways (early), cities (steam power).

Question 26

Significance of Cotton/Wool Production

Answer 26

Created the factory system, enabling faster and cheaper production of goods, including materials needed for further industrialization.

Question 27

Iron Production Key Terms

Answer 27

(Define three key terms related to iron production)

Question 28

Significance of Iron Production

Answer 28

More efficient and cheaper iron production led to wider use in utensils and infrastructure (faster, cheaper construction).

Question 29

Steam Engine Developers and Roles

Answer 29

Thomas Savery: Early steam engine for pumping water from mines.\nThomas Newcomen: Improved Savery's engine for safety.\nJames Watt: Crucial improvements for efficiency.

Question 30

Significance of Steam Engine

Answer 30

Automated processes in mining (pumping water), textiles (powering machinery), and agriculture (new machines, increased production).

Question 31

Transport Key Terms

Answer 31

(Define three key terms related to transport development)

Question 32

Role of Transport Developments

Answer 32

Steam engine -> steam locomotives/ships (long-distance transport). Internal combustion engine (early cars). Improved steam engine -> steam trains (railways, faster transport).

Question 33

Manufacturing Employment

Answer 33

10 million people

Question 34

Working Conditions (Industrial Revolution)

Answer 34

Long hours (sunrise to sunset), child labor (sacrificed education, lower pay), lower wages for women compared to men.

Question 35

Source Analysis (Young Textile Worker, 1833)

Answer 35

WHO: Young textile worker. WHAT: Experience of factory work. WHERE: Factory inquiry commission, Great Britain. WHEN: 1833.\nSUMMARY: Harsh conditions, young children working long hours with limited breaks, leading to exhaustion and lack of education.

Question 36

Living Conditions - Aristocracy

Answer 36

Birth-based status, dominated government, elite education for boys, marriage preparation for girls.

Question 37

Living Conditions - Middle Class

Answer 37

Aspired to aristocracy, wealthy businessmen, lived in houses (even poor had servants), some women in university, grammar school for boys/girls (expectation of marriage for girls).

Question 38

Living Conditions - Poor

Answer 38

Cramped slums, no running water/sewage, high crime/disease, limited education, leisure activities (football, cycling, newspapers, music halls).

Question 39

Source Analysis (Wentworth Street, 1872)

Answer 39

(Analyze the image for insights into living conditions, health/well-being, societal differences, and contributing developments.)

Question 40

Understanding of EC terms

Answer 40

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Question 41

Agricultural to Industrial Society Transition

Answer 41

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Question 42

Changes during Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions

Answer 42

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Question 43

Working and Living Conditions

Answer 43

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Question 44

Using Source Evidence

Answer 44

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Question 45

Technological Innovations and Influencing Factors

Answer 45

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Question 46

Population Movements and Settlement Patterns

Answer 46

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Question 47

Experiences of Men, Women, and Children

Answer 47

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Question 48

Important Note

Answer 48

This booklet is a guide, not a comprehensive revision. Individual study is essential.