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VET - ClinAppii/iii > CA3Final > Flashcards

CA3Final Flashcards

(143 cards)

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1
Q

Acepromazine (Dose, route, indications/contraindications)

A

D : 0.1 mg/lb, C: 10mg/ml, Route : IM, Phenothiazine, Ind : calming/sedation/antiemetic effects, Contra : seizures/aggression/hypotensive complications

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2
Q

What is the dose of Ketamine?

A

CSCC dose: 2-4 mg/#, 5-10 mg/# as sole induction agent

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3
Q

Important info about Ketamine (group, schedule, indications)

A

Dissociative (Cyclohexamine), Schedule 3, Painful IM admin, produces catalepsy, reflexes remain intact, metabolized by the liver

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4
Q

Propofol info

A

Ultra-short acting, sedative-hypnotic alkylphenol, dose 2-4mg/kg IV; rapid onset and short duration of action (2-5min), protein bound, vasodilation and decrease in BP, rapid recovery

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5
Q

Why should an animal under gas anesthesia receive an assisted ventilation per min?

A

Prevent atelectasis and ensure gas exchange

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6
Q

Appropriate rebreathing bag size calculation?

A

50ml/kg or 25ml/lb = bag size in ml

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7
Q

MAC and solubility of Iso and Sevo

A

minimum alveolar concentration

The MAC value of an anesthetic agent is a measure of potency and is the alveolar concentration that prevents gross purposeful movement in 50% of patients in response to a standardized painful stimulus.
Lower numbers indicate more potent agents, and values may vary slightly between species.

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8
Q

How to respond to anesthetic adverse changes (Hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia…)

A

???

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9
Q

What is the best setting of ECG for average sized dogs vs small dogs/cats

A

Small : 50 run speed, 2 sensitivity
Average : 25 or 50 RS, 1-2 sensitivity

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10
Q

How does the alteration of amplitude affect ECG strip?

A

???

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11
Q

How does the alteration of run speed affect ECG strip?

A

???

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12
Q

How does altering the run speed and amplitude (sensitivity) affect the resultant complex?

A

run speed affects space between complexes (faster=smaller/closer, slower=spread out/ longer); sensitivity affects the height of the complexes (1x=normal, 2x=tall, 1/2x=short)

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13
Q

If the sensitivity (amplitude) of an ECG machine is changed from 1 to 2, the resultant pQRSt complexes will be?

A

taller

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14
Q

When performing an ECG strip, what does RUN 25 mean?

A

that the paper is moving at 25mm/sec

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15
Q

When performing an ECG strip, what happens to the pQRSt complexes when the run speed is changed from Run 25 to Run 50?

A

the complexes become wider and farther apart

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16
Q

Identify common arrhythmias and intervention for abnormal findings

A

???

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17
Q

Identify common arrhythmias and intervention for abnormal findings

A

???

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18
Q

Identify common arrhythmias and intervention for abnormal findings

A

???

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19
Q

Identify common arrhythmias and intervention for abnormal findings

A

???

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20
Q

Identify common arrhythmias and intervention for abnormal findings

A

???

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21
Q

Indications for placing a urinary catheter

A

blockage, stone, paralysis, long surgery, difficulty urinating, neurologic bladder, urinary sample

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22
Q

Indications for performing a cystocentesis

A

???

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23
Q

How to correctly place a urinary catheter

A

???

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24
Q

Anechoic

A

When the echogenicity of a structure appears black. (fluids)

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25
Hypoechoic
these structures appear darker on the ultrasound screen as compared to the structures around them
26
Hyperechoic
these structures appear lighter on the ultrasound screen as compared to the structures around them
27
Echogenicity
a term referring to how tissues reflect the sound waves
28
Basic principles of ultrasound guided cystocentesis
???
29
what is the blood vessel of choice when drawing a larger volume of blood from a dog or cat for most blood tests?
jugular vein
30
What are some indicators of poor blood sample collection or handling techniques?
hemolysis, clotting, improper anticoagulant/blood ratio
31
purple top blood collection tubes have what in them and are used for what purpose?
EDTA and CBC
32
Blue topped collection tubes have what in them and are used for what purpose
sodum citrate for blood coagulation determination
33
For hematology tests, are clots in EDTA blood acceptable?
never acceptable
34
Complications that may occur during venipuncture
subcutaneous hematoma, hemorrhage, thrombosis of the vein, skin irritation at needle penetration site
35
EDTA plasma cannot be used for diagnostic testing because it forms a complex with what?
calcium
36
identify appropriate restraint techniques used when obtaining blood samples
???
37
What is the purpose of leaving toes exposed when bandaging a limb?
allows for monitoring of swelling and toe comparison
38
Which digits should be visible to assess for swelling and hypothermia?
third and fourth
39
Problems that may occur if a bandage is placed incorrectly (too loose / too tight)
Too tight —> pressure sores and irritation, vascular compromise (hypothermia and swelling from veinous stasis), compress peripheral nerves (limb dysfunction) Too loose —> friction abrasions from movement
40
Proper order of bandage materials used for application of soft bandages/splints
???
41
Methods and reasons for performing a complete physical exam
???
42
Which lymph nodes can be palpated in a healthy animal?
Submandibular, prescapular, popliteal
43
names and locations of heart valves
???
44
characteristics of 5% Dehydration
undetectable
45
characteristics of 5-8% Dehydration
mild delay in return of skin to normal position, normal to slightly prolonged CRT, mm=tacky
46
characteristics of 8-10% Dehydration
definite delay in return of skin to normal position, slightly prolonged CRT, mm=dry/tacky, eyes may be sunken into orbits
47
characteristics of 10-12% Dehydration
skin easily tents and stands in place, prolonged CRT, dry mucous membranes, eyes sunken into orbits/Nictitans prominent, signs of shock may be observed (tachycardia, weak pulse)
48
characteristics of 12-15% Dehydration
shock, collapse, severe depression, imminent death
49
What vision tests and other ophthalmic tests are done?
History, Observation, Vision test (Menace, Tracking, Maze), Pupillary light response, Schirmer tear test, Examine front of the eye, Examine back of the eye, Tonometry, Corneal staining, electroretinography
50
Common clinical signs of ophthalmic disease
squinting, chemosis, epiphora, miosis, mydriasis, anisocoria, exophthalmos, enophthalmos, proptosis, hyphaema, hypopyon, phthisis bulbi
51
Chemosis
swelling of the conjunctivia
52
Epiphora
tear overflow
53
Miosis
constricted pupil
54
Mydriasis
dilated pupil
55
Anisocoria
different in size of the two pupils
56
Exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of the eye
57
Enophthalmos
sunken eye
58
Proptosis
forward displacement of the globe
59
Hyphaema
blood within the anterior chamber
60
Hypopyon
white blood cells (pus) within the anterior chamber
61
Phthisis bulbi
shrinkage of the globe due to disease
62
What are the different types of hemorrhage
Petechiae, Ecchymoses, Hematoma, Purpura
63
Petechiae
small pinpoint hemorrhage
64
Ecchymoses
Larger more spread out areas of hemorrhage
65
Hematoma
blood blister, Localized collection of blood
66
Purpura
ecchymoses combined
67
Otitis Externa
Acute or chronic inflammation of soft tissue components of external auditory meatus which sometimes involves pinna
68
What are the primary causes of Otitis Externa
Allergic disease, Metabolic diseases (Hypothyroidism, Cushing's), Anatomical or congenital abnormalities
69
What specific organisms cause Otitis Externa
Malazzezia (black, moist, allergies), Otodectes (black dry, granular, itchy kittens), Bacteria (yellow moist to wet), Psudomonas (green moist, harder to treat)
70
Fluorescein stain: Purpose, techniques and interpretation
???
71
Schirmer: Purpose, techniques and interpretation
???
72
Tonopen: Purpose, techniques and interpretation
???
73
What are the rules of the Tridan Numbering system?
100=Maxilla right, 200 = Maxilla left, 300= Mandible left, 400 = Mandible right; incisors 1-3, Canines always 4, Last premolar always 8, K9 maxilla last molar 10, K9 mandible last molar 11, feline maxilla and mandible 9
74
Alveolar bone
aka alveolar process, the thick ridge of bone which contains the tooth sockets Alveolar process is comprised of alveolar bone, trabecular bone and compact bone
75
Pulp
vascular and nerve tissue forming the inner tooth
76
Dentin
a hard substance similar to bone forming the bulk of the tooth around the pulp cavity
77
Enamel
the hardest substance in the body, covering only the crown
78
Apical delta
space within the root canal that allows free passage of blood vessels and nerves from the periapical compartment to the pulp tissue
79
Cementum
hard tissue forming the surface of the root
80
Periodontal ligament
connective tissue of the root with attaches to the socket
81
Lamina dura
dense layer of bone between the cementum and lamina dura, radioopaque
82
Crown
the part of the tooth projecting above the gingiva covered with enamel
83
Root
the part of the tooth that extends into the bone and holds the tooth in place
84
Label the parts of this tooth
A - Alveolar bone B - Pulp C - Dentin D - Enamel E - Apical Delta F - Cementum G - Periodontal ligament H - Lamina Dura I - Crown J - Root
85
Abnormal dental/periodontal structures/terms, causes, means of diagnosis
???
86
explain a proper canine/feline home preventative dental care plan for pet owners
???
87
Extractor
This instrument can be used to loosen and remove the major portion of supragingival calculus.
88
Periodontal probe
this instrument is used to determine gingival sulcus depth. It is calibrated into millimeter lengths. The tip is gently inserted into the sulcus, parallel to the long axis of the tooth, until soft resistance of the sulcar epithelial attachement is felt
89
Explorer
this instrument is used to determine defects of the tooth surface. AKA the shepherd's hook. It can be used sub- and supra- gingivally
90
Ultrasonic scalers
ultrasonic vibration of a metal tip and water to remove supreagingival plaque, tartar, necrotic tissue, and debris. Each tip vibrates at a certain frequency. With the appropriate frequency of vibration and water pressure, a fine mist is produced
91
Drawbacks of Ultrasonic scalers
can scratch enamel, cut and etch dentin and cementum, and cause thermal damage to dental and periodental structures
92
P-3 Ultrasonic scaler
blunt tip (beaver tail), lateral edge used against the tooth surface, back and forth motion with the tow facing the marginal gingiva
93
P-10 Ultrasonic scaler
pointed tip (perio probe) tip can be used for fine detail work intral and inter dental spaces, caution as to not place too much force on the tip thus increasing the etching to the enamel
94
Hand scaler
usually sickle shaped with sharp edges and points, these instruments are used to remoe supragingival plaque, tartar, necrotic tissue and debris. hold with modified pencil grip. particle removal is best achieved with hand instruments
95
Curette
similar to hand scalers, but have curved, blunted toes with sharp edges. they are designed to remove subgingival plaque, tartar, necrotic tissue and debris.
96
Subgingival curettage
cleaning of the sulcus, sulcular epithelium and subgingival tooth surface
97
root planning
cleaning of the root surface
98
What are the instrumentation and principles for the steps of a complete dental cleaning
???
99
Parallel technique
Most consistently accurate image of an object; position film directly behind and parallel to the long axis of the area being radiographed and the xray beam is directly perpendicular to that area and the film; onlu used in mandibular premolars and molars
100
Bisecting angle
Use bisecting angle (an imaging plan that equally divides the distance btwn the planes of the long axis of the area being radiographed and the film) and position the tube head for the primary beam to be perpendicular to this imaginary bisecting plane
101
Superimposition
x-ray beam is obliquely aligned in a mesial/distal direction -> interdental spaces appear narrow or superimposed
102
Elongation
The tube head or beam is perpendicular to tooth; results in a long tooth picture, the angle of the beam will be too close to the horizontal plane (beam is too low)
103
Foreshortening
tube head/beam is perpendicular to film/sensor; results in stubby teeth
104
What are the advatages/disadvantages of common suture patterns and knots
???
105
What are the advatages/disadvantages of common suture patterns and knots
???
106
What are the advatages/disadvantages of common suture patterns and knots
???
107
What are the advatages/disadvantages of common suture patterns and knots
???
108
problems associated with improper tension of sutures
???
109
What are the primary causes of Otitis Externa
Allergic disease, Metabolic diseases (Hypothyroidism, Cushing's), Anatomical or congenital abnormalities
110
Toxocara
(roundworm), infective by oral route, transmamary, transplacental, zoonotic potential (visceral/ocular larval migrans), very resistant in environment
111
Ancylostoma
(hookworm), infective by oral route, transmammary, transplacental, and percutaneous, causes anemia and diarrhea (tarry stool), zoonotic potential (cutaneous larval migrans)
112
Trichuris
(whipworm), infective oral route (eggs), may cause bloody diarrhea and large bowel inflammation
113
Cystoisospora
(Isospora/Protozoa/coccidia), overcrowding, kennels, poor sanitation, and stres, rodents are carriers
114
Protozoa
Cryptosporidium (contaminated water), Giardia (contaminated water, waxing and waning vomiting and diarrhea), Toxoplasma (cats are definitive host, immunocompromised)
115
Taenia
(tapeworm - multiple species), cattle, rodents, rabbits, and sheep can be intermediate host, zoonotic
116
Dipylidium
(tapeworm) from fleas, aka cucumber tape worm, transmitted from fleas to pets via ingestion
117
Canine 100
Toxocara canis - Roundworm
118
Canine 100
Trichuris vulpis - Whipworm
119
Canine 100
Dipylidium caninum - Tapeworm | IH : flea
120
Canine/Feline 100
Taenia pisiformis/taeniaeformis - Tapeworms | IH : Rabbit/rodent
121
Canine 100
Ancylostoma caninum - hookworm
122
Dipylidium caninum
123
Dipylidium caninum
124
Dipylidium caninum Toxocara canis Ancylostoma
125
Dipylidium caninum Toxocara canis Ancylostoma coccidia
126
Isospora
127
Isospora
128
Sodium Nitrate Crystals
129
Taenia
130
Taenia
131
Toxocara canis
132
Toxocara | Capillaria
133
Toxocara | Taenia
134
Toxocara | Toxascaris
135
Trichuris | Baylisascaris
136
Trichuris vulpis
137
Trichuris vulpis
138
Zinc sulfate crystals
139
Air bubbles
140
Ancylostoma | Toxocara
141
Ancylostoma | Trichuris
142
Budding yeast
143
Cryptoisospora

VET - ClinAppii/iii (5 decks)

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