Surgical Instruments Flashcards
Purpose: Cutting bandage materials to size or removing bandages when annangled pair of scissors is required or desirable.
Features: Both blades of the scissors are angled to facilitate slipping one of the blades under the bandage material to cut it. The lower blade has a flattened, blunt nodule at the tip so that it can slide between the bandage and skin without inadvertently cutting the patient’s skin.
Lister Bandage Scissors
Purpose: Cutting suture material to length or removing sutures from a patient.
Features: These scissors have shorter, thicker, and wider blades than Spencer suture scissors, but Littauer suture scissors still have a small hook on one blade to slip under the suture, exposing it prior to cutting.
Littauer suture removal scissors
Purpose: Cutting tough fascia or heavy connective tissues such as ligaments
Features: These are sturdy operating scissors with either straight or curved tapered blades with blunt tips. sharp or serrated cutting edges are also available.
Mayo Dissecting Scissors
Purpose: Cutting and dissecting delicate tissues such as fat loose connective
Features: These scissors have ringed handles, thin long shanks, and fine rounded tips. The handle-to-blade ratio is longer than that of standard operating scissors and Mayo scissors (the handle is long relative to the blades). available with either straight or curved blades.
Metzenbaum Dissecting Scissors
Purpose: To cut suture material or other inanimate materials.
Features: available in lengths of 4 ½, 5, 5 ½, and 6 ½
inches; the last is the most common length. The tips of the blades are available in three combinations: the blunt-blunt scissors have blades that are rounded, the sharp-blunt scissors have one rounded and one pointed blade, and the sharp-sharp scissors has two blades that are pointed. The most common of the three is the sharp-blunt.
Operating Scissors
Can be sharp-blunt/sharp-sharp/blunt-blunt
Purpose: Shielding or retracting large muscles around bones.
Features: This retractor has broad, flat blades that are bent on either end with a cut in the centerpiece. One end is longer than the other. The broad blades can also be used to protect soft tissues when the surgeon is drilling to place fixation screws.
Army-Navy Hand-held Retractor
Purpose: Retractor for soft tissue.
Features: A flat elongated piece of metal shaped like a tongue depressor, which can be bent into a desired shape and used as a retractor for soft tissue.
Malleable/Ribbon Hand-held Retractor
Purpose: Displacing soft tissues or retracting muscle or fascia.
Features: double-ended, handheld instrument with a curled, three-pronged claw at one end and a right-angled, single flattened blade at the other. The blade and the claw are bent in opposite directions. The prongs can be sharp (more traumatic and typically used for fascia) or blunt (less traumatic and therefore used on more delicate tissues).
Senn Hand-held Rectractor
Purpose: Localizing and mobilizing the uterus and ovaries during an ovariohysterectomy.
Features: The nook hook is a thin, long-handled, probe-like instrument shaped like a shepherd’s hook with a flat handle and a curved, flat tip.
Snook/Spay hook (Hand-held Retractor)
Purpose: Retracting the abdominal wall to provide access to the peritoneal cavity.
Features: The retractor consists of three individually adjustable, outward-facing curved loops mounted on a bar. The center blade is usually solid while the two lateral (side) blades may be solid, fenestrated, or have P-shaped open loops that are either interchangeable or fixed. The blades are inserted into the abdominal incision and adjusted to spread open the abdominal cavity to increase access to deeper tissues. It is available in both standard and pediatric sizes the latter being suitable for use in small animals.
Balfour Self-retaining Retractor
Purpose: Spreading small sites such as deep wounds or during perineal surgeries in dogs.
Features: This is a self-retaining, ring-handled, hinged instrument. There are two slender, round blades with single sharp terminal points that separate as the handles are closed. The blades are bowed away from each other and turn out at right angles at their tips to push the edges of the incision apart.
Gelpi Self-retaining Retractor
Purpose: Spreading tissues to gain access to deeper tissues or structures.
Features: This is a self-retaining, ring-handles instrument with two slender bowed arms ending in claws. It functions via a paradoxical scissors action whereby the blades open as the ratcheted handles are
closed. The blades each have outward-pointing, curved prongs, which retain their position in a spread wound. has a 3 x 4 interdigitating tooth configuration in that one
claw has three teeth while the other claw has four.
Weitlaner Self-retaining Retractor
Purpose: To pick up, hold, and maneuver delicate tissues.
Features: These forceps have a spring tension hinge with broad, flat shanks and slender tips. One tip has two delicate teeth that interlock with a single tooth on the opposite jaw. The very fine teeth on each of the tines cause minimal trauma when a user is picking up and temporarily holding soft tissues. The usual length of the forceps is 4 ¾ inches; it is available in 1 x 2 and 2 x 3 tooth arrangements, with either standard or delicate tines. It has a wide blade to allow thumb and finger pressure without fear of the tissues rotating out from between the fingers.
* double check pic*
Adson (Ewald) Thumb Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Grasping and manipulating delicate superficial tissues.
Features: This subtype of ____ tissue forceps also has a spring tension hinge and broad, flat shanks with slender tips. Each tip has two rows of multiple opposing, intermeshed teeth.
Brown Adson/Adson Brown Thumb Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Used in ophthalmic surgery.
Features: A delicate thumb forcep with straight shafts with 1 x 2 teeth. Flat handle with holes and polished finish. Used in ophthalmic surgery.
Bishop Harmon (opthalmic) Thumb Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Occluding larger blood vessels and grasping tissues. Like Kelly forceps, these sturdy, general-purpose forceps are used for larger blood vessels or heavier tissue.
Features: The instrument is 5.5 inches long with either straight or curved jaws that have transverse striations along the entire length of the inner jaws (unlike Kelly forceps), with rounded tips. They use a scissors-like action and have a ratchet mechanism on the shank.
Crile Hemostatic/Tissue Forceps
Purpose: To clamp small vessels that must be occluded, crushed, or held firmly in place.
Features: A forceps 5 ½ inches long has transverse grooves on the entire jaw. The most commonly used small hemostat in surgical packs for dogs and cats.
Halstead mosquito Hemostatic/Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Occluding larger blood vessels and grasping tissues. This sturdy, general-purpose clamp is used for larger blood vessels or heavier tissue than mosquito forceps can safely handle.
Features: This instrument is 5.5 inches long with either straight or curved jaws that have transverse striations along the distal half of the inner jaws and rounded tips. They have a scissors-like action with a rachet mechanism on the shank.
Kelly Hemostatic/Tissue Forceps
Purpose: The shape of the clamp is ideal for occluding blood vessels, assisting in dissection and passing sutures around structures.
Features: Any tissue forceps with a right-angle jaw. is a surgical instrument used primarily by general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgeons, as well as in certain gynecological procedures. They come in a variety of lengths and sharpness of angle. The shape of the clamp is ideal for occluding blood vessels, assisting in dissection and passing sutures around structures.
Mixter (right angle) Hemostatic/Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Grasping and crushing larger blood vessels (e.g., ovarian pedicles) and hollow organ tissue (stumps) before ligating. They are commonly used on the uterus during an ovariohysterectomy.
Features: These forceps have sturdy, long blades that use a scissors-like action to crush tissues. They have a ratchet mechanism and ringed handles and are available either curved or straight. The jaws have aggressive, opposing, longitudinal grooves and
crosshatching at the tip, unlike the Rochester-Pean forceps (next), which have transverse grooves on the face.
Rochester Carmalt Hemostatic/Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Grasping and holding larger blood vessels (e.g., ovarian pedicles) and hollow organ tissue (stumps). Commonly, these forceps are used to put traction on or manipulate heavy tissues.
Features: These are sturdy forceps with long shanks and use a scissors-like action to crush tissues. These forceps have a ratchet mechanism and ringed handles and are either curved or straight, with jaws that have aggressive, opposing, transverse grooves on the face and crosshatching at the tip (unlike Rochester-Carmalt forceps, which have longitudinal grooves on the face).
Rochester Pean Forceps (Peans)
Purpose: Achieving homeostasis or grasping tissues with extreme security.
Features: These sturdy forceps have long blades and use a scissors-like action to crush tissues. They have a rachet mechanism and ringed handles and are available either curved or straight. The jaws have
aggressive, opposing, transverse grooves on the face with 1 x 2 interdigitating teeth (i.e., one tooth on one tip and two teeth on the opposing tip), which differs from the above-mentioned forceps, such as the Rochester-Pean forceps, which do not have teeth.
Rochester Ochsner Tissue Forceps
(Rochester-Ochsner and Mayo-Ochsner)
Various subtypes are available
Purpose: Grasping, holding, and retracting slippery, dense tissues. Their use can be traumatic, so Allis tissue forceps are usually applied to dense connective tissue, fascia, or tissue that is to be excised. These forceps are not for use on skin or viscera.
Features: These 6- to 10-inch, curved or straight forceps have a ratchet mechanism and multiple inward-curving and interlocking fine teeth at the tip. Number of teeth on the gripping surface varies.
Allis Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Grasping and manipulating bowel, bladder, and other viscera.
Features: These forceps are similar in structure to Allis tissue forceps, but have wider grasping surfaces and are less traumatic than Allis tissue forceps because the tips are flared, rounded, and hollow with a delicate longitudinal striation of the grasping surface.
Babcock intestinal Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Occluding the lumen of bowel. These non-crushing forceps are used to temporarily occlude the lumen of the bowel (e.g., during gastric surgery or intestinal resections and anastomoses).
Features: These forceps have long, thin, bowed jaws with longitudinal striations along the entire length. The tips of the jaws meet when the ratchet first engages. Therefore, further closing of the jaws progressively narrows the space between the jaws, compresses
the tissues and occludes the lumen. These forceps are available in various lengths, with either straight or curved jaws.
Doyen intestinal Tissue Forceps
Purpose: Holding surgical needles during conjunctival and corneal surgery (e.g., corneal laceration repair, conjunctival graft, replacing the gland of the third eyelid, cataract surgery).
Features: These delicate needle holders are available either straight or curved and with or without a lock.
Castroviejo (Opthalmic) Needle Holders
Purpose: Repairing eyelid lacerations, performing ectropion or ectropion surgery, replacing proposes, resecting eyelid wedges, replacing the gland of the third eyelid, placing tarsorrhaphy, and suturing following an enucleation.
Features: This small, fine needle holder measures 4.25 or 4.75 inches in length and can include carbide jaws. The tips are serrated to hold the surgical needle.
dainty needle holder
Derf Needle Holders
Purpose: Holding surgical needles.
Features: These needle holders have ringed handles, rounded tips, and flat, non-serrated jaws. They are available in a variety of handle lengths. There is no cutting edge proximal to the jaws (no integrated suture scissors). The longitudinal indentation on the grasping surface accommodates the curve of the suture needle,
and a ratchet on the shank locks the jaws together to hold the needle securely. Carbide inserts are available to increase grip on the needle and improve durability of the needle holder’s jaws.
Mayo-Hegar Needle Holders
Purpose: Holding surgical needles.
Features: This popular type of needle holder combines a ring-handled needle holder with integrated suture scissors proximal to the jaws. This needle holder can improve speed and efficiency, but one disadvantage is that the surgeon may inadvertently cut the suture material. have rounded tips and flat, tapered, finely serrated jaws. They are available in a variety of handle lengths. The needle holder has longitudinal grooves on the grasping surface to accommodate the curve of the
suture needle.
Olsen-Hegar Needle Holders
Purpose: One-sided beveled blade for smooth tissue dissection.
Features: Specialized tool that neurosurgery and orthopedic specialists can use for lifting and cutting periosteum tissue, in order to scrape flaps and reveal diseased or fractured bone structures. Used to elevate the skull from the dura, scraping periosteum and elevation of fascia from the bone.
Adson periosteal elevator
Purpose: Reshaping the surface or edges of a bone.
Features: This resembles a carpenter’s chisel with a single beveled sharp edge on one side and extremely sharp tips. Its cutting-edge width varies from 2 mm to 6 mm. unlike osteotomes, are used to shape recesses in bone in preparation for implant (e.g., bone plate) placement.
(US Army) Bone Chisel
Purpose: Striking chisels, osteotomes, and gouges to drive their cutting tips into bone.
Features: These are heavy, cylindrical, double-headed hammers. The striking surface may be solid metal (stainless steel) or covered with replaceable nylon caps., The handles can be solid or hollow.
Bone Mallet
Purpose: Holding intramedullary pins and wires during orthopedic procedures, such as fracture repair.
Features: A heavy, handheld instrument that has an adjustable three-jaw mechanism for holding the pin as a drill chuck holds a drill bit. A key is used to close the aperture of the chuck.
Jacob’s Hand chuck
Purpose: Securing a bone while applying orthopedic implants.
Features: These forceps are heavy with four pointed prongs on bowed jaws to grip bone.
Kern bone-holding forceps
Purpose: Removing small bone pieces or soft tissues from around bone.
Features: These forceps are single action and have tapered jaws with very fine, sharp tips. Available either straight or curved, they are often used in neurosurgery for removing portions of the vertebral lamina.
Lempert ronguer
Purpose: Reducing and holding small bone fragments in place rapidly and accurately.
Features: These forceps resemble a pair of common hand pliers with a threaded speed lock or ratchet mechanism. They are available with either flat or sharp pointed jaws and handles with or without rings. The operator clamps the target bone fragment in place and
spins a knurled nut or engages the ratchet to rapidly lock the jaws in place
Lewin bone-holding forceps
Purpose: Cutting or cleaving bone or creating grooves in bone.
Features: resembles a chisel, but has a double-beveled sharp edge like a knife (not a single beveled edge like a chisel). It comes in various lengths with cutting tip widths ranging from 2 mm to 20mm.
Osteotome
Purpose: Holding scalpel blade to safely cut or dissect tissues.
Features: Scalpel handles are available in different sizes and are identified by a number. Each type usually holds a variety of surgical blade sizes and shapes.
What Blades go with this handle
3 Bard Parker Blade handle
the standard no. 3 scalpel handle is often used in small-animal practices and holds nos. 10, 11, 12, and 15 scalpel blades.
Purpose: Attaching surgical towels and drapes to the patient.
Features: This is a small, short, center-hinged instrument with ringed handles and a ratchet mechanism. It has a teardrop-shaped, curved body ending in sharp points.
Backhaus Towel clamp
Purpose: Removing small amounts of fluid or blood from a surgical site. typically selected when little or no fluid is encountered, except capillary bleeding, and takes the place of multiple gauze sponges.
Features: This tip is a slender, angled tube available in various diameters (9 French is common) with a small-diameter tip. This suction tip has a small hole near the handle, which is covered or uncovered with the finger to modify the degree of suction. A graduated tubing connector in the handle connects to various diameters of suction tubing.
Frazier suction tip
Purpose: Suctioning during oral surgery without damaging surrounding tissues to remove thick pharyngeal secretions, thereby preventing aspiration.
Features: This popular suction tip is composed of a rigid hollow tube made of metal or disposable plastic with a curve at the distal end and a large opening surrounded by a bulbous head. designed to allow effective suctioning without damaging surrounding tissues. A graduated tubing connector in the handle connects to various diameters of suction tubing.
Yankauer suction tip
Purpose: Electrocautery is the application of a high-frequency electric current to biological tissue as a means to cut, coagulate, desiccate or fulgurate tissue. This hand piece is used to deliver the current thru the blade or tip.
Electro-cautery hand piece
Purpose : to suction large quantities of fluids out of surgical fields. It is often used during abdominal procedures
Features : this suction tip has multiple holes as to best prevent blockages caused by fat or tissue suctioned during a procedure
Poole suction tip
Purpose : attaching surgical towles and drapes to the patient
Features : this clamp is small, pincers-like, spring-loaded instrument with a teardrop-shaped curved body ending in sharp points. It is gently self retaining without a ratchet device.
Jones towel clamp
Double ended elevator used to work under and lift the periosteal tissue from the surface of the bone
Freer Periosteal Elevator
plier action to remove skin staples placed in incisions
staple remover
