CABS: 1,000 ft View Pulmonology Flashcards by Nicole Quinn

External canal leads to the

nasopharynx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Turbulence in the nasal cavity helps

keep the air warm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

superiorly in the nasal cavity

cribriform plate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

inferiorly in the nasal cavity is

hard palate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

as air moves through the conchae it becomes

turbulent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hair filters the ____ in the nasal cavity

air

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mucosa in the nasal cavity helps

with warmth and humidification

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

paranasal sinuses help with

humidification of air and contains mucus (traps foreign particles)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pharynx is lined with ________ cells that continue to make ______ to humidify air

ciliated columnar cells
mucus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nasopharynx is just for

air

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Septum divides the _____

nairs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx are the passage areas for

food and drink

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

uvula and soft palate of the oropharynx protect upper passages from backflow of

fluids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

laryngopharynx will divide inferiorly into the

esophagus and trachea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epiglottis will ________ so that food does not go into the _______

separate
trachea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Upper and lower respiratory tract is seperated by

cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tracheobronchial tree is _____ shaped cartilage ______ structure

U
ringed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is U shaped for

movement and swallowing of food

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Air enters the lungs at the

hilum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hilum is

the entry and exit point from the lung parenchyma to attach to other structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Respiratory tract is lined by

cilia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cilia in the resp tract help

to push FB and microorganisms out (cough)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Goblet cells are

modified epithelial cells to produce mucin which will lubricate airways, trap molecules and humidify the inhaled air

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Things mostly go down the right side of the carina into the right lung because it is

straighter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bronchioles have 3 tissue layers

epithelial lining (containing goblet cells and cilia) smooth muscle layer connective tissue layer

Smooth muscle in the bronchioles are responsible for

bronchoconstriction bronchodilation

Nasal cavity has

turbinates (to warm and humidify) cilia

Carina splits ______ in two

trachea into right and left main bronchi

Bronchi keep branching and branching into

alveoli

alveoli are

thin elastic basement membrane to allow for good diffusion

smooth muscle around alveoli controls

airway resistance

Lung lobes

upper lower right middle

Search pattern on CXR (ABCDEF)

Airway (trachea, carina, bronchi) Bones (clavicles, scapula, humeri, ribs, vertebra) Cardiac and mediastinum Diaphragm (symmetry, pleura) Extras (lines, drains, wires, abdomen) Fields (opacity, density)

CXR fluffy, patchy

alveolus +/- bronchiole

CXR linear

interstitium

CXR Blunted costophrenic angles, meniscus sign

Pleura

Ribs are attached to what part of your spine

Thoracic spine (makes less mobile)

Ribs protect

lungs, pleura, trachea, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, part of the liver, and kidneys

ribs are a flat bone: what happens in flat bones as an adult

hematopoiesis

Neurovascular bundle in placed where in comparison to the ribs

inferiorly (in costal groove)

Expand thoracic cavity for

inspiration

internal intercostals pulls ribs inward to help with

expiration

Diaphragm originates at _______ around rib ______ inner surface

xiphoid 7-12

Diaphragm inserts at

L1-L3

What nerve innervates the Diaphragm

Phrenic nerve

Diaphragm is a _____ shape muscle, when its contracted (expanding) it

dome flattens

Diaphragm is important for

physical exertion and speech/singing

Right side of the costophrenic angle is naturally higher because of the

liver

blunted costophrenic angle =

fluid

Pleural layers of the lung

visceral pleura interpleural space parietal pleura

Inhalation diaphragm

contracts, moves down

Exhalation diaphragm

relaxes, moves up

Intra alveoli pressure =

0 mmHg

Barometric pressure =

0 mmHg

Intrapleural pressure =

-4 - -10 mmHg

increasing intrathoracic pressure will _______ intrathoracic volume

decrease

Thoracic volume ________ as the diaphragm flattens, external intercostals pull ribs ______ and _____

increases up and out

the net negative will cause air to be pulled _____ to the alveoli to equal out the pressure

as volume increases, intra-alveolar pressure will

decrease (which gives net negative compared to barometric pressure)

During expiration inspiratory muscles are ______ and ______ of lung and chest wall

relaxed recoil

As chest wall expands and lung/alveoli expands pressure will decrease causing air to

come in

Alveoli is a

gas exchanging unit

pores of kohn allow for

passage of air between the alveoli to share to air

Two types of cell types in the alveoli

type 1 - squamous cells, provides structure type 2 - secretes surfactant

what is surfactant

lipoprotein that coats the inner lining of the alveoli to prevent them from collapsing on themselves

who doesn't have surfactant

premies

What immune cell is in the alveoli?

alveolar macrophages

When alveoli are damaged there's a

decrease in surfactant (closes alveoli) and they are restructured (inflammation and scar tissue)

the smaller the alveoli get the more likely they are to

collapse

at ____ weeks is when we start making type 2 alveolar cells in prep for birth

20 weeks

Pulmonary compliance is how

elastic the lung are (need good expansion and recoil to have good movement of air)

Compliance = _______ / _________

lung volume / pressure

Compliance will allow _______ movement/ volume of the thoracic cavity

increase

Decreased compliance = decreased ability to

have the correct pressure gradients

Hypoxia will trigger

vasoconstriction, allowing for blood to be shunted to more aerated areas within the lung

if the entire lung is vasoconstricted it will result in

pulm HTN

Ventilation = ________ * __________

ventilatory rate * volume per breath

O2 is used for

Cellular metabolism --> ATP production

Alveolocapillary membrane is where

gas exchange happens (abutting cappilary bed and alveolus)

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

how fast we want to get rid of O2

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve: Right shift (what O2 is doing)

Heme gets rid of O2 faster and gives it to tissues

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve: Left shift (what O2 is doing)

Heme hold onto O2 longer

Right shift is called

Bohr effect

Left shift is called

Haldane effect

What is Dead space

the conducting airways (doesn't participate in gas exchange)

What is alveolar dead space

non-perfused alveoli

V =

ventilation (air flow)

Q =

perfusion (blood flow)

Ventilation =

air within the alveoli (how much air is participating in gas exchange) tidal volume - dead space * RR

Perfusion =

Cardiac output = HR * SV

V/Q is a ratio that tells us

about air intake or blood flow for gas exchange

CABS: 1,000 ft View Pulmonology Flashcards

(91 cards)