CABS: Obstructive Lung Diseases

Question 1

Atelectasis is:

Answer 1

squished or collapsed alveolar

Question 2

Atelectasis causes

Answer 2

V/Q mismatch
(ventilation/ perfusion)

Question 3

Ventilation =

Answer 3

tidal volume - dead space * RR

Question 4

Perfusion =

Answer 4

CO

Question 5

Atelectasis is associated with

Answer 5

Compression
Obstruction
Decreased surfactant

Question 6

Atelectasis presentation

Answer 6

typically asymptomatic
may have SOB, cough, fever, elevated WBC

Question 7

Obstructive Lung Diseases are

Answer 7

states in which it is difficult for the pt to get air OUT of the lung

Question 8

Obstructive lung diseases examples are

Answer 8

COPD
Emphysema
Asthma
mechanical obstruction
ect..

Question 9

COPD, unlike asthma, the changes are

Answer 9

irreversible

Question 10

________ FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive patterns

Answer 10

decreased/ lowered

Question 11

Flow volume loop shows

Answer 11

one respiratory cycle

Question 12

Restrictive lung diseases are

Answer 12

a state in which it is difficult for the patient to get air IN to the lung

Question 13

Restrictive lung disease examples

Answer 13

ILD
Kyphosis
obesity
ect..

Question 14

Emphysema is

Answer 14

a progressive destruction of alveolar membranes and dilation of distal airways
Bronchioles collapse more readily

Question 15

Emphysema is more commonly associated with

Answer 15

smoking

Question 16

Emphysema pathophysiology

Answer 16

pollutant inhaled
macrophage engulf the foreign substance
inflammatory activation
increased WBC - WBC release proteases
break down connective tissue surrounding the alveoli

Question 17

Elastin typically helps

Answer 17

maintain shape and prevent collapse

Question 18

decreased elastin in emphysema can lead to

Answer 18

increased airway collapse
air unable to get out during expiration – leading to air trapping

Question 19

what part of the autonomic system causes bronchoconstriction

Answer 19

Parasympathetic

Question 20

bleb is formed

Answer 20

tiny collapsed alveoli collection

Question 21

bula is formed

Answer 21

blebs that collect together

Question 22

_______ appearance shows with emphysema imaging

Answer 22

honeycomb

Question 23

Emphysema presentation

Answer 23

dyspnea
PROLONGED EXPIRATORY PHASE
wheezing
barrel shaped chest
accessory breathing
decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

Question 24

Chronic bronchitis is a obstructive airflow secondary to

Answer 24

thick mucus, mucus plugging

Question 25

Chronic bronchitis is most commonly associated with

Answer 25

smoking

Question 26

Pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis

Answer 26

exposure will cause irritation/ inflammation cellular damage, ciliary damage over production of mucus thickened airways and air trapping

Question 27

Chronic bronchitis presentation

Answer 27

dyspnea - worse with exertion decreased FEV1/FCV ratio Lots of complications - pneumonia

Question 28

Bronchiectasis is

Answer 28

considered a COPD but not - is an abnormal dilation of the bronchi may be genetic or associated with changes after infection

Question 29

Asthma is

Answer 29

chronic reversible inflammatory condition airways constrict secondary to inhalation of some noxious stimuli

Question 30

Bronchiectasis presentation

Answer 30

productive cough foul smelling sputum, purulent hemoptysis

Question 31

Common triggers of asthma

Answer 31

allergens cold exercise illness pets stressed/ anxiety etc

Question 32

asthma pathophysiology

Answer 32

trigger activated activation of dendritic cells activated T cells and releases interleukins activation of mast cells histamine production

Question 33

inflammatory mediators in asthma cause

Answer 33

vasodilation - increased permeability leading to mucosal edema histamines - causing bronchial smooth muscle bronchoconstriction --> air trapping

Question 34

Asthma presentation

Answer 34

wheezing chest feels tight cough prolonged expiration hyper-expansion

Question 35

Complications of asthma

Answer 35

chronic complications associated with repetitive cellular damage -- fibrosis

Question 36

Cystic fibrosis is an

Answer 36

autosomal recessive abnormality resulting in mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR protein) on chromosome 7

Question 37

CFTR protein is

Answer 37

a chloride transport protein of the exocrine glands (increased level of chloride in sweat)

Question 38

When there is an alteration of the CFTR protein

Answer 38

change in water concentration/ movement --> thickening of the secretions (dehydrated) --> mucus plugs, increased proteases